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ORPHA:99868

Thymic carcinoma

low confidenceDisorder

Publications

7,232

Trials

63

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,335

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

4/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a type of thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by a high malignant potential.

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (11)

carcinoma of thymus · malignant thymoma · thymic carcinoma · thymic carcinoma (excluding well differentiated thymic carcinoma) · thymic carcinoma excluding well differentiated thymic carcinoma · thymoma type C · thymoma, malignant · thymoma, malignant (morphologic abnormality) · thymoma, type C (morphologic abnormality) · thymus carcinoma · type C thymoma

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

4/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    7,232 matched papers (4,132 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    13 HPO annotations (e.g. Edema; Cough; Neoplasm of the thymus) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationPartial

    2 EMA designations (none yet with FDA orphan-indication approval) — e.g. belinostat Source

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    63 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (17 recruiting in sample)

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

13

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0006451

  • Edema
  • Cough
  • Neoplasm of the thymus
  • Palpebral edema
  • Mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Showing 5 of 13 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

2

Designations · no FDA orphan-indication approval yet

  • EMA belinostatTreatment of malignant thymoma · 17/07/2013 · PositiveEMA designation
  • EMA milciclib maleateTreatment of malignant thymoma · 08/11/2012 · WithdrawnEMA designation

Sources: FDA OOPD · EMA orphan designations

Open Targets candidates

49

Drugs / clinical candidates · MONDO_0006451

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

7,232

7,232 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

7,232 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

4,132 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 7,232 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,335

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Inoue M7 papers · 2026

    Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Fang W6 papers · 2026

    Shanghai Chest Hospital, Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Ishihara S6 papers · 2026

    Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Okada S6 papers · 2026

    Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Bille A5 papers · 2025

    Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Furuya T5 papers · 2026

    Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Giaccone G5 papers · 2025

    Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Girard N5 papers · 2025

    Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Lucchi M5 papers · 2025

    Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Marx A5 papers · 2026

    Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

63

interventional trials for this specific condition

63 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 17 currently recruiting in our sample.

Data as of 11 September 2026

63 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 97.7th percentile).

low confidence · 97.7th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

63 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

Observational and natural-history studies

7 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 6 · after dedupe 6 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 6 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Uncertain / not reviewed (6)

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Thymic carcinoma — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Thymic carcinoma" OR "carcinoma of thymus" OR "carcinoma of the thymus" OR "malignant thymoma" OR "thymic carcinoma (excluding well differentiated thymic carcinoma)" OR "thymic carcinoma excluding well differentiated thymic carcinoma" OR "thymoma type C" OR "thymoma, malignant" OR "thymoma, malignant (morphologic abnormality)" OR "thymoma, type C (morphologic abnormality)" OR "thymus carcinoma" OR "type C thymoma"

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Thymic carcinoma" OR "carcinoma of thymus" OR "carcinoma of the thymus" OR "malignant thymoma" OR "thymic carcinoma (excluding well differentiated thymic carcinoma)" OR "thymic carcinoma excluding well differentiated thymic carcinoma" OR "thymoma type C" OR "thymoma, malignant" OR "thymoma, malignant (morphologic abnormality)" OR "thymoma, type C (morphologic abnormality)" OR "thymus carcinoma" OR "type C thymoma"

Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 63 interventional · 7 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (7232) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T06:26:33.413Z