ORPHA:90056
Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury
Publications
2,720
95.4th percentile
Trials
5
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
1,080
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
—
Readiness
2/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
A rare neurologic condition characterized by brain damage caused by an external mechanical force, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9 to 12 in moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), or 3 to 8 in severe TBI, respectively. TBI can be closed (with the dura mater remaining intact) or open (with penetration of the dura mater) and may lead to focal damage, such as cerebral contusion and hemorrhage, as well as diffuse axonal injury and secondary damage due to increased intracranial pressure. Signs and symptoms are highly variable, depending on the nature, severity, localization, and extent of the trauma.
How rare: 1-5 / 10 000 — about one to five people per ten thousand (still uncommon, but less ultra-rare).
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
2/6 stages with a signal
An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.
- Gene identifiedNot found
No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build
- LiteraturePresent
2,720 matched papers (1,910 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedNot checked
Not yet enriched from Monarch / HPO
- Animal modelNot checked
Not yet enriched from Monarch / Alliance
- Orphan designationNot checked
FDA/EMA orphan-drug designation not enriched yet
- Interventional trialPresent
5 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.
No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
Not enriched in this build — Monarch phenotype joins were not run for this record.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
Not enriched in this build.
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
2,720
2,720 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=5449) is 41.
2,720 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 41 (publications denominator n=5449).
1,910 in the last 10 years · high confidence · 95.4th percentile (publications denominator)
Phrase hits: 2,720 · MeSH hits: 0
Who's working on it?
1,080
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.
- 01Teasell R12 papers · 2025
Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
Papers in Europe PMC - 02MacKenzie HM11 papers · 2025
Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03Bateman EA9 papers · 2025
Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
Papers in Europe PMC - 04Flores-Sandoval C9 papers · 2025
Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
Papers in Europe PMC - 05Bayley M8 papers · 2024
Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Mehta S6 papers · 2025
Author Affiliations: Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada (Drs Mehta and Teasell); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (Drs Mehta, Teasell, and MacKenize); Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Canada (Drs Mehta, Teasell, and MacKenize); Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (Mss Lauren Devito and Julia Devito); Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Ms Patsakos and Dr Bayley); KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Ms Patsakos); Acquired Brain Injury Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Dr Velikonja); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Dr Velikonja); Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Bayley); and University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Bayley).
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Barber J5 papers · 2026
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08McDonald S5 papers · 2026
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Ownsworth T5 papers · 2026
School of Applied Psychology & The Hopkins Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
Papers in Europe PMC - 10Wearne T5 papers · 2026
School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Papers in Europe PMC
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
5
interventional trials for this specific condition
5 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; none in our sample are currently recruiting.
Data as of 27 July 2026
5 interventional trials — more than 73% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5114 of 7003; this disease is at the 87.9th percentile).
high confidence · 87.9th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
5 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.
No currently recruiting studies in the matched set. Open the same search on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Where to find support
We do not yet link condition-specific patient organisations. These umbrella groups support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families:
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury"
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury"
Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).
Study-type breakdown: 5 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- No synonyms dropped by stoplist
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
Ingested 2026-07-27T03:32:55.296Z