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ORPHA:896

Waardenburg syndrome type 3

low confidenceSubtype of disorder

Also known as: Klein-Waardenburg syndrome · WS3 · Waardenburg syndrome type III · Waardenburg syndrome with limb anomalies

Publications

11,486

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

748

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

PAX3

Strong

Readiness

3/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A very rare subtype of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) that is characterized by limb anomalies in association with hearing loss, minor defects in structures arising from neural crest, resulting in pigmentation anomalies of eyes, hair, and skin.

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (1)

Waardenburg syndrome with upper limb anomalies

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

3/6 stages with a signal

No matched interventional trial; the gene is known and literature exists — preclinical or natural-history work may still be the practical next step.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Strong — PAX3

  2. LiteraturePresent

    11,486 matched papers (6,586 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    58 HPO annotations (e.g. Abnormality of the face; White hair; Telecanthus) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialNot found

    No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (PAX3).

GenCC classification: Strong.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

58

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0007862

  • Abnormality of the face
  • White hair
  • Telecanthus
  • Joint stiffness
  • Atrial septal defect

Showing 5 of 58 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

11,486

11,486 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

11,486 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

6,586 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 131 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

748

Distinct author names in 131 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Asher JH Jr6 papers · 1998

    Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Friedman TB6 papers · 1998
    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Goodman RM4 papers · 1988

    Department of Medical Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Li X4 papers · 2022

    Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Lin PH4 papers · 2025

    Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 11556, Taiwan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Wu CC4 papers · 2025

    Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 11556, Taiwan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Baldwin CT3 papers · 1995
    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Chen PL3 papers · 2022

    Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City 100, Taiwan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Farrer LA3 papers · 1995

    Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Grundfast KM3 papers · 1995
    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Broader category Waardenburg syndrome also has no matched interventional trial. See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.

Broader category: Waardenburg syndrome

0

Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.

Parent-category matching found a broader label but no interventional trials under it. How we count trials.

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Waardenburg syndrome type 3 — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Waardenburg syndrome type 3" OR "Klein-Waardenburg syndrome" OR "Waardenburg syndrome type III" OR "Waardenburg syndrome with limb anomalies" OR "Waardenburg syndrome with upper limb anomalies") OR ("PAX3" OR "PAX3 syndrome" OR "PAX3-related")

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Waardenburg syndrome type 3" OR "Klein-Waardenburg syndrome" OR "Waardenburg syndrome type III" OR "Waardenburg syndrome with limb anomalies" OR "Waardenburg syndrome with upper limb anomalies"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Parent-category trials query:

"Waardenburg syndrome"

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Synonyms dropped by stoplist: WS3

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • 1 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (11486) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-26T15:48:53.983Z