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ORPHA:85136

Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly

low confidenceDisorder

Also known as: CLWM

Query health: suspect — Only one of 2 strategies returned hits (phrase).

Publications

1,267

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

256

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

RNASET2

Definitive

Readiness

4/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly is characterised by non- leukoencephalopathy, bilateral cysts in the anterior part of the temporal lobe, cerebral white matter anomalies and severe psychomotor impairment. Less than 50 patients have been described in the literature so far. Inheritance is most likely .

How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

4/6 stages with a signal

No matched interventional trial, but a gene association and an animal model are on record — often described as translation-ready / stalled at the clinical step.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Definitive — RNASET2

  2. LiteraturePresent

    1,267 matched papers (885 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    18 HPO annotations (e.g. Global developmental delay; Spasticity; Doll-like facies) Source

  4. Animal modelPresent

    3 genotype models (Danio rerio) Source

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialNot found

    No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (RNASET2).

GenCC classification: Definitive.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

18

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0013058

  • Global developmental delay
  • Spasticity
  • Doll-like facies
  • Ataxia
  • Abnormal CNS myelination

Showing 5 of 18 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

3

Model associations linked to this Mondo ID

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

1,267

1,267 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

1,267 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

885 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 27 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

256

Distinct author names in 27 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Ashrafi MR2 papers · 2024

    Myelin Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Boddaert N2 papers · 2026

    Department of Paediatric Radiology (C.-J.R., N.B.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Boespflug-Tanguy O2 papers · 2026

    APHP, Service de Neuropédiatrie, CRMR LEUKOFRANCE, Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Callahan MV2 papers · 2016

    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Carney O2 papers · 2022

    Neuroradiology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Crow YJ2 papers · 2016

    Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Genetic Medicine, Manchester, United Kingdom Department of Genetics, INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    D'Arco F2 papers · 2022

    Neuroradiology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Fukui R2 papers · 2025

    Division of Innate Immunity, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Garshasbi M2 papers · 2024

    Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Glasspool-Malone J2 papers · 2016

    Atheric Pharmaceutical, Scottsville, Virginia, United States of America.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly") OR (MESH:"Leukoencephalopathy, Cystic, Without Megalencephaly") OR ("RNASET2" OR "RNASET2 syndrome" OR "RNASET2-related")

Run this search on Europe PMC

MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: Leukoencephalopathy, Cystic, Without Megalencephaly

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly" OR "Leukoencephalopathy, Cystic, Without Megalencephaly"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: suspect — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Synonyms dropped by stoplist: CLWM

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • 1 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (1267) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T02:45:02.248Z