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ORPHA:78

Ankylostomiasis

low confidenceDisorder

Also known as: Ancylostomiasis · Hookworm infection

Publications

7,212

Trials

28

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,201

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

2/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A hookworm infection caused primarily by the species Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, usually acquired through penetration of the skin, (often asymptomatic but that can also manifest with an allergic reaction at the site of skin penetration), followed by the migration of larva through the bloodstream to the lungs (causing asymptomatic pneumonitis, eosinophilia) and finally reaching and colonizing the small intestines where they cause blood extravasation leading to diarrhea, abdominal pain, and when untreated, melena, iron-deficiency anemia and protein malnutrition.

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (3)

Ancylostoma caused disease or disorder · Ancylostoma disease or disorder · Ancylostoma infectious disease

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

2/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    7,212 matched papers (1,934 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedNot found

    No HPO disease–phenotype associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    28 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (5 recruiting in sample)

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

None returned for this Mondo ID. That often means “not linked under this ID,” not “no clinical features.”

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

7

Drugs / clinical candidates · MONDO_0005645

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

7,212

7,212 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

7,212 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

1,934 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 7,212 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,201

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Camberis M6 papers · 2026

    Le Gros Laboratory, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Yumnam B6 papers · 2026

    Le Gros Laboratory, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Hattendorf J5 papers · 2026

    From the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, and the University of Basel, Basel - both in Switzerland (E.C.M., S.W., J.H., J.K.); and Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara (E.C.M.), and Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Chake Chake, Pemba (S.M.A.) - both in Tanzania.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Inns S5 papers · 2026

    Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Lavender B5 papers · 2026

    Le Gros Laboratory, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Loukas A5 papers · 2026

    Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Na-Ek P5 papers · 2026

    Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Vacca F5 papers · 2026

    Le Gros Laboratory, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Anamnart W4 papers · 2026

    School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Anderson RM4 papers · 2026

    Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

28

interventional trials for this specific condition

28 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 5 currently recruiting in our sample.

Data as of 11 September 2026

28 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 95.8th percentile).

low confidence · 95.8th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

28 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 17 · after dedupe 17 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 17 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Uncertain / not reviewed (17)

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Ankylostomiasis — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Ankylostomiasis" OR "Ancylostomiasis" OR "Hookworm infection" OR "Ancylostoma infectious disease")

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Ankylostomiasis" OR "Ancylostomiasis" OR "Hookworm infection" OR "Ancylostoma infectious disease"

Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 28 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Synonyms dropped by stoplist: Ancylostoma caused disease or disorder; Ancylostoma disease or disorder

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is short or not clearly distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (7212) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-26T12:19:32.449Z