ORPHA:75563
X-linked sideroblastic anemia
Also known as: XLSA
Publications
2,733
Trials
0
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
951
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
ALAS2
Strong
Readiness
4/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
X-linked sideroblastic anemia is a constitutional microcytic, hypochromic anemia of varying severity that is clinically characterized by manifestations of anemia and iron overload and that may respond to treatment with pyridoxine and folic acid.
How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0020721
- MeSH:C536761
- OMIM:300751
- UMLS:C4551511
Additional Mondo synonyms (2)
anemia, sideroblastic, 1, X-linked recessive · sideroblastic anemia, X-linked
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
4/6 stages with a signal
No specific-condition interventional trial, but broader-category trials exist — discuss eligibility with a clinician.
- Gene identifiedPresent
Strong — ALAS2
- LiteraturePresent
2,733 matched papers (1,773 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedPresent
16 HPO annotations (e.g. Anemia; Dyspnea; Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration) Source
- Animal modelNot found
No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs
- Orphan designationNot found
No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source
- Interventional trialPartial
None under the specific name; 1 for broader category sideroblastic anemia
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (ALAS2).
GenCC classification: Strong.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
16
Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0020721
- Anemia
- Dyspnea
- Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration
- Pallor
- Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Showing 5 of 16 — open Monarch for the full list.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.
Monarch fetch 2026-07-29
Therapies
Designations, candidates, and chemicals
FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.
Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)
No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.
Open Targets candidates
No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.
CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)
No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
2,733
2,733 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.
2,733 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).
1,773 in the last 10 years · low confidence
Phrase hits: 453 · MeSH hits: 11
Who's working on it?
951
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.
- 01Harigae H16 papers · 2022
Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. harigae@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
Papers in Europe PMC - 02Fujiwara T13 papers · 2025
Department of Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03
- 04
- 05Bishop DF6 papers · 2020
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Bottomley SS6 papers · 2025
University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK.
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Ferreira GC6 papers · 2022
Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08Furuyama K6 papers · 2018
Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. k-furuya@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Brown BL5 papers · 2026
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Papers in Europe PMC - 10Puy H5 papers · 2021
INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France; AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France.
Papers in Europe PMC
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
0
interventional trials for this specific condition
No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present). 1 trial are registered for sideroblastic anemia, the broader category — shown separately because they may or may not enrol this specific subtype.
Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026
No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.
low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.
1 interventional trial matched sideroblastic anemia, the broader category — listed below. Those studies are not counted in the condition-specific total.
Broader category: sideroblastic anemia
1
Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.
Worth raising with a clinician. How we count trials.
Other registries (secondary)
Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.
raw 82 · after dedupe 82 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 82 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30
Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri
No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).
Uncertain / not reviewed (82)
- ctis·2026-525382-47-00·Authorised·A Phase 2 Study of Alisertib in Combination with Paclitaxel in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2026-526821-16-00·Authorised·Melanoma-TBK1-inhibitor enhanced Immuno Therapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: a Phase IB/II Trial in Unresectable Stage III or Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-525106-37-00·Authorised·Comparative study of two vaccination schedules for the subunit Herpes Zoster vaccine in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy: an open-label randomised controlled trial.
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-524003-68-00·Authorised·OBINUSS - Safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab in systemic sclerosis: a phase II, randomized, double-blinded versus placebo-controlled trial
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2026-525933-22-00·Authorised·STRategiEs for Antiplatelet Management foLlowIng acute coroNary syndromE (STREAMLINE)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-522209-40-00·Authorised·A Study to Assess Adverse Events, Change in Disease Activity and How Intravenous (IV) ABBV901 Moves Through the Body Alone or in Combination with Bevacizumab in Adult Participants with Ovarian Cancer
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2026-525484-40-00·Authorised·A Phase 1 Study of PRT12396 in Participants with Select Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2026-526368-18-00·Authorised·A Randomized Controlled Study Evaluating Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Low-Dose Ticagrelor (60 mg) Followed by Monotherapy versus Standard-Duration Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Clopidogrel in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: the STELAR trial
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-524233-45-00·Authorised·A first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-part study assessing the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of GL0071 after single and repeated ascending subcutaneous doses in healthy normal weight, overweight and obese participants, as well as a 12-week treatment randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled exploratory Proof-of-Concept study in overweight and obese participants.
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-522488-14-00·Authorised·A clinical study to compare efficacy and safety of two different doses of CagriSema and semaglutide in participants with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2026-526674-17-00·Authorised·A clinical trial of MK-3868 in healthy participants (MK-3868-001)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-523819-11-00·Authorised·A Phase 3 Randomized, Open Label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ABBV-706 versus Standard of Care in Subjects with Relapsed/Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2026-526526-41-01·Authorised·Within-Patient Comparison of Serum Transthyretin Response to Tafamidis Versus Acoramidis: A Pilot Crossover Study in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-518861-90-00·Authorised·Thromboprophylaxis with apixaban during neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (ACB): An international randomized controlled trial evaluating apixaban versus no anticoagulation in patients scheduled to undergo radical cystectomy or chemoradiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-524688-19-00·Authorised·A Phase III Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Multicenter Master Protocol to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Elecoglipron in Participants with Obesity or Overweight with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Embold)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-523960-19-00·Authorised·An Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter Phase 3 Study Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of BGB-43395 Plus Letrozole versus CDK4/6 Inhibitors (Abemaciclib, Palbociclib, Ribociclib) Plus Letrozole in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer Who Have Not Received Prior Systemic Anticancer Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Disease
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2026-525862-23-00·Authorised·Evaluation of the effect of botulinum toxin on refractory upper limb rest tremor in parkinsonian patients, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study : TOX PARK
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-525040-18-00·Authorised·DECREASE-IPC 2025-068 : De-Ecalating neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy in early triple-negative BREASt cancer
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-523650-14-00·Authorised·functional imaging of digital osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis using 99mTc-NTP15-5 in nuclear medicine : phase II clinical study
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-524054-34-00·Authorised·An Open-Label, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Salanersen (BIIB115) in Participants Aged 15-60 Years With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Who Are Either Treatment-Naïve or Have Previously Been Treated With Risdiplam
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-524951-30-00·11·161Tb-labeled Gastrin Analogue - A Novel Tool for Precision Treatment of Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-523994-41-00·Authorised·A Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo-controlled Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Effect of Elecoglipron in Reducing Renal Outcomes and Mortality in Participants with Chronic Kidney Disease (Elevate-CKD)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-525097-11-00·Authorised·Phase 3 Randomized Study of Teclistamab and Talquetamab (Tec-Tal) Versus Daratumumab and Lenalidomide (DR) in Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Positive Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (TiTan)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-525042-22-00·Authorised·A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Activity of an Inhaled Investigational Drug (RO7616605) in Healthy Volunteers and Participants With COPD
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-524125-40-01·Authorised·Immune dynamics and biomarkers of anti-tumor response in BMS-986340 (anti-CCR8) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) co-treatment of metastatic tumors
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
Where to find support
Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.
Orphanet entry for X-linked sideroblastic anemia — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
("X-linked sideroblastic anemia" OR "anemia, sideroblastic, 1, X-linked recessive" OR "sideroblastic anemia, X-linked") OR (MESH:"X-linked sideroblastic anemia") OR ("ALAS2" OR "ALAS2 syndrome" OR "ALAS2-related")MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: X-linked sideroblastic anemia
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"X-linked sideroblastic anemia" OR "anemia, sideroblastic, 1, X-linked recessive" OR "sideroblastic anemia, X-linked"
Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Parent-category trials query:
"sideroblastic anemia"
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase, mesh
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Synonyms dropped by stoplist: XLSA
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- 1 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
- Publication count (2733) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity
Ingested 2026-07-27T01:50:04.346Z