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ORPHA:673

Malaria

medium confidenceDisorder

Publications

283,382

99.8th percentile

Trials

1,121

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,577

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

5/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A life-threatening parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium (P. ) parasites that are transmitted by Anophles mosquito bites to humans and is typically clinically characterized by attacks of fever, headache, chills and vomiting.

How rare: 1-9 / 100 000 — about one to nine people per hundred thousand.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

5/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    283,382 matched papers (126,533 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    17 HPO annotations (e.g. Anemia; Headache; Reduced consciousness) Source

  4. Animal modelPresent

    9 genotype models (Mus musculus) Source

  5. Orphan designationPresent

    14 FDA · 6 EMA designations (12 FDA orphan-indication approvals) — e.g. cipargamin Source

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    1,121 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (62 recruiting in sample)

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

17

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0005136

  • Anemia
  • Headache
  • Reduced consciousness
  • Retinopathy
  • Elevated circulating C-reactive protein concentration

Showing 5 of 17 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

9

Model associations linked to this Mondo ID

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

22

Designations · 12 with FDA orphan-indication approval

  • FDA cipargaminMalaria · 2020-05-01 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA Pyronaridine tetraphosphateMalaria · 2020-02-11 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA artesunateMalaria · 2019-07-22 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA meplazumabMalaria · 2019-03-15 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA ArtesunateMalaria · 2017-09-05 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA CipargaminMalaria · 2017-07-27 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA artemisoneMalaria · 2017-07-19 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA N'-(7-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-propane-1,3-diamineMalaria · 2015-10-29 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication

Sources: FDA OOPD · EMA orphan designations

Open Targets candidates

102

Drugs / clinical candidates · MONDO_0005136

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

51 associated chemicals · 183 pathways. Therapeutic evidence is listed first when present — not a treatment recommendation.

  • Amodiaquine · therapeutic
  • amodiaquine, artesunate drug combination · therapeutic
  • Artemether · therapeutic
  • artemisinin · therapeutic
  • artemotil · therapeutic
  • Artesunate · therapeutic
  • Astemizole · therapeutic
  • Atovaquone · therapeutic
  • atovaquone, proguanil drug combination · therapeutic
  • borrelidin · therapeutic
  • CDRI-97-78 · therapeutic
  • Chloroquine · therapeutic

Pathways: Pentose phosphate pathway; Arginine biosynthesis; Arginine and proline metabolism; Glutathione metabolism; Metabolic pathways; Carbon metabolism; Antifolate resistance; PPAR signaling pathway

MyDisease.info · MONDO:0005136

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

283,382

283,382 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

283,382 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

126,533 in the last 10 years · medium confidence · 99.8th percentile (publications denominator)

Phrase hits: 283,382 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,577

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Ahorlu CS3 papers · 2026

    Department of Health Economics Policy and Management, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Amambua-Ngwa A3 papers · 2026

    MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia. Alfred.Ngwa@lshtm.ac.uk.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Chu CE3 papers · 2026

    Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Ejigu LA3 papers · 2026

    Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    John CC3 papers · 2026

    Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Kassa FA3 papers · 2026

    Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Kayondo J3 papers · 2026

    Department of Entomology, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), P.O.BOX 49, Entebbe, Uganda.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Li S3 papers · 2026

    Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Malm K3 papers · 2026

    National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Ndang NH3 papers · 2026

    Njongndong Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

1,121

interventional trials for this specific condition

1,121 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 62 currently recruiting in our sample.

Data as of 11 September 2026

1,121 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 99.9th percentile).

medium confidence · 99.9th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

1,121 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

Observational and natural-history studies

216 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 48 · after dedupe 48 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 48 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Uncertain / not reviewed (48)

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Malaria — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Malaria"

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Malaria"

Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 1121 interventional · 216 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is short or not clearly distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus

Ingested 2026-07-26T14:51:02.547Z