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ORPHA:645854

Multifocal tuberculosis

high confidenceSubtype of disorder

Publications

164

56.3th percentile

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

904

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

2/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A rare tuberculosis characterized by two or more extra-pulmonary lesions caused by M. tuberculosis with or without pulmonar involvement, mostly occur in immunocompromised patients. It may affect any site including liver, lymph nodes, lungs, pleura, and the joints. Cutaneous and/or skeletal involvement are rarely reported. Cutenous forms include gummas, scrofuloderma, vasculitis and lupus tuberculosis. Skeletal involvement, that may affect one or more joints, can be dominated by the involvement of large joints that support greater weigh loads, such as the knees and hips and the spine. The symptoms are usually nonspecific, and the disease often presents with an indolent clinical course. Risk factors include human immunodeficiency viruses, immunosuppression due to diverse causes, smoking, malnutrition, diabetes, and stress.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

2/6 stages with a signal

No specific-condition interventional trial, but broader-category trials exist — discuss eligibility with a clinician.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    164 matched papers (95 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedNot found

    No HPO disease–phenotype associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialPartial

    None under the specific name; 1054 for broader category tuberculosis

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

None returned for this Mondo ID. That often means “not linked under this ID,” not “no clinical features.”

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

164

164 papers have ever been published on this condition (under this name). For scale, breast cancer has over 700,000. Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

164 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

95 in the last 10 years · high confidence · 56.3th percentile (publications denominator)

Phrase hits: 164 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

904

Distinct author names in 164 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Ben Jemaa M5 papers · 2022

    Extra-pulmonary Research Unity, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Bustamante J5 papers · 2025

    Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, 75015 Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Hammami F5 papers · 2026

    Infectious Diseases Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Koubaa M5 papers · 2022

    Extra-pulmonary Research Unity, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Boisson-Dupuis S4 papers · 2025

    Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, 75015 Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Bourkadi JE4 papers · 2022

    Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Marrakchi C4 papers · 2021

    Extra-pulmonary Research Unity, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Meziane M4 papers · 2021

    Dermatological Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Fes, Morocco. Electronic address: mariame_meziane@yahoo.fr.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Ammar S3 papers · 2025

    Laboratory of Hematology, Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Ben Ayed H3 papers · 2022

    Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present). 1,054 trials are registered for tuberculosis, the broader category — shown separately because they may or may not enrol this specific subtype.

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

high confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

1,054 interventional trials matched tuberculosis, the broader category — listed below. Those studies are not counted in the condition-specific total.

Broader category: tuberculosis

1,054

Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.

Worth raising with a clinician. How we count trials.

Recruiting under the broader category

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 12 · after dedupe 12 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 12 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Uncertain / not reviewed (12)

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Multifocal tuberculosis — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Multifocal tuberculosis"

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Multifocal tuberculosis"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Parent-category trials query:

"tuberculosis"

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus

Ingested 2026-07-27T19:46:07.005Z