ORPHA:49
Penile agenesis
Also known as: Aphallia · Penis agenesis
Publications
298
57.4th percentile
Trials
0
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
766
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
—
Readiness
2/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
Penile agenesis is a rare urogenital tract characterized by complete absence of the phallus. It is usually accompanied by a well-developed scrotum and presence of a skin tag at the anal verge (with or without a urethral meatal opening within it). Often, other genitourinary (e.g. cryptorchidism, renal agenesis and , urinary reflux, prostate agenesis) as well as non-genitourinary abnormalities (including skeletal and neural disorders, anal stenosis, imperforate anus, cardiac defects) are associated.
How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0018846
- MeSH:C536649
- UMLS:C1387005
- NCIT:C99009
Additional Mondo synonyms (3)
Aphallus · congenital absence of penis · penis agenesis
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
2/6 stages with a signal
Research-stage checklist from open sources (GenCC, literature, Monarch when enriched, ClinicalTrials.gov). Not a prognosis or care recommendation.
- Gene identifiedNot found
No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build
- LiteraturePresent
298 matched papers (104 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedPresent
28 HPO annotations (e.g. Abnormality of the bladder; Cryptorchidism; Unilateral renal hypoplasia) Source
- Animal modelNot found
No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs
- Orphan designationNot found
No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source
- Interventional trialNot found
No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.
No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
28
Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0018846
- Abnormality of the bladder
- Cryptorchidism
- Unilateral renal hypoplasia
- Bilateral renal hypoplasia
- Cloacal abnormality
Showing 5 of 28 — open Monarch for the full list.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.
Monarch fetch 2026-07-29
Therapies
Designations, candidates, and chemicals
FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.
Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)
No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.
Open Targets candidates
No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.
CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)
No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
298
298 papers have ever been published on this condition (under this name). For scale, breast cancer has over 700,000. Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.
298 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).
104 in the last 10 years · medium confidence · 57.4th percentile (publications denominator)
Phrase hits: 298 · MeSH hits: 0
Who's working on it?
766
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.
- 01De Castro R8 papers · 2025
Pediatric Surgery, Hospital CdC Petrucciani, Lecce, Italy.
Papers in Europe PMC - 02
- 03Ralph DJ6 papers · 2017
St. Peter's Andrology Centre and The Institute of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
Papers in Europe PMC - 04Garaffa G5 papers · 2014
St Peter's Andrology, London W1G 6BJ, UK. giuliogaraffa@gmail.com
Papers in Europe PMC - 05Lee PA4 papers · 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, The Milton S, Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, P,O, Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA. plee@psu.edu.
Papers in Europe PMC - 06
- 07Bajpai M3 papers · 2013
Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08
- 09Foata J3 papers · 2014
CNRS UMR 6134, University of Corsica, Parasites and Mediterranean Ecosystems Laboratory, Corte, France.
Papers in Europe PMC - 10
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
0
interventional trials for this specific condition
No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).
Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026
No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.
medium confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.
See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.
Other registries (secondary)
Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.
raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29
Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri
No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).
Where to find support
Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.
Orphanet entry for Penile agenesis — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
("Penile agenesis" OR "Aphallia" OR "Penis agenesis" OR "Aphallus" OR "congenital absence of penis" OR "congenital absence of the penis")ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Penile agenesis" OR "Aphallia" OR "Penis agenesis" OR "Aphallus" OR "congenital absence of penis" OR "congenital absence of the penis"
Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- No synonyms dropped by stoplist
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
- Publication count (298) is high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — confidence capped at medium
Ingested 2026-07-26T12:14:01.956Z