RARE DISEASERESEARCH ATLAS
Open navigation menu

ORPHA:477774

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 27

low confidenceDisorder

Also known as: COXPD27

Publications

617

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

130

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

CARS2

Strong

Readiness

3/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A rare oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by a variable clinical including onset of epileptic , , global , , complex movement disorder, and liver involvement, as well as childhood onset of severe myoclonus , cognitive decline, hearing and visual impairment, and tetraparesis. Serum lactate may be increased, and brain imaging shows variable atrophy and white matter abnormalities.

How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (4)

CARS2 combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency · combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 27 · combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency caused by mutation in CARS2 · combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 27

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

3/6 stages with a signal

No matched interventional trial; the gene is known and literature exists — preclinical or natural-history work may still be the practical next step.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Strong — CARS2

  2. LiteraturePresent

    617 matched papers (548 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    62 HPO annotations (e.g. Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure; Hearing impairment; Microcephaly) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialNot found

    No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (CARS2).

GenCC classification: Strong.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

62

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0014728

  • Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure
  • Hearing impairment
  • Microcephaly
  • Cerebral atrophy
  • Status epilepticus

Showing 5 of 62 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

617

617 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

617 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

548 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 18 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

130

Distinct author names in 18 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Abdelhak S1 paper · 2021

    Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Abdulkareem AA1 paper · 2023

    Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Abou Jamra R1 paper · 2022

    Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Aguilar K1 paper · 2021

    Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Materno Infantil ISSEMyM, Toluca, Mexico.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Ahmad M1 paper · 2023

    Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Almubarak A1 paper · 2022

    Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Anand A1 paper · 2021

    Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, India.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Antonellis A1 paper · 2017

    Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. Electronic address: antonell@umich.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Babaya N1 paper · 2018

    Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Baruffini E1 paper · 2021

    Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 27 — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 27" OR "COXPD27" OR "CARS2 combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency" OR "combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 27" OR "combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency caused by mutation in CARS2" OR "combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 27") OR ("CARS2" OR "CARS2 syndrome" OR "CARS2-related")

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 27" OR "COXPD27" OR "CARS2 combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency" OR "combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 27" OR "combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency caused by mutation in CARS2" OR "combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 27"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (617) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T17:08:48.379Z