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ORPHA:454836

Avian influenza

low confidenceDisorder

Publications

40,119

Trials

38

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,609

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

4/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A rare, infectious disease characterized by variable severity and outcome, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection with fever and cough, to influenza-like illness with rapid progression to severe pneumonia, sepsis with shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Additional manifestations may include conjunctivitis, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, multiple organ dysfunction, and .

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

4/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    40,119 matched papers (22,291 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    41 HPO annotations (e.g. Myalgia; Fatigue; Productive cough) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationPartial

    1 EMA designation (none yet with FDA orphan-indication approval) — e.g. anti-H5N1 equine immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragments Source

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    38 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (3 recruiting in sample)

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

41

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0018695

  • Myalgia
  • Fatigue
  • Productive cough
  • Meningitis
  • Acute kidney injury

Showing 5 of 41 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

1

Designation · no FDA orphan-indication approval yet

  • EMA anti-H5N1 equine immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragmentsTreatment of avian influenza · 28/07/2015 · PositiveEMA designation

Sources: FDA OOPD · EMA orphan designations

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

2 associated chemicals · 8 pathways. Therapeutic evidence is listed first when present — not a treatment recommendation.

  • Active Hexose Correlated Compound · therapeutic
  • Chloroquine · therapeutic

Pathways: Measles; Influenza A; ISG15 antiviral mechanism; Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes; Cytokine Signaling in Immune system; Immune System; Interferon alpha/beta signaling; Interferon Signaling

MyDisease.info · MONDO:0018695

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

40,119

40,119 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

40,119 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

22,291 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 40,117 · MeSH hits: 109

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,609

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Li J7 papers · 2026

    Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Wang X7 papers · 2026

    Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Günther A5 papers · 2026

    Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Li Y5 papers · 2026

    Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology on Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for One Health and Food Safety, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Li Z5 papers · 2026

    Shandong Sinder Technology Co., Ltd., Zhucheng, 266100, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Liu J5 papers · 2026

    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Wang Y5 papers · 2026

    College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Wille M5 papers · 2026

    WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Yang J5 papers · 2026

    Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Zhang J5 papers · 2026

    College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhong kai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

38

interventional trials for this specific condition

38 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 3 currently recruiting in our sample. 2,031 trials are registered for influenza, the broader category — shown separately because they may or may not enrol this specific subtype.

Data as of 11 September 2026

38 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 96.6th percentile).

low confidence · 96.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

38 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

Broader category: influenza

2,031

Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.

Worth raising with a clinician. How we count trials.

Recruiting under the broader category

Observational and natural-history studies

5 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

None of the matched observational studies is currently listed as recruiting.

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 8 · after dedupe 8 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 8 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Uncertain / not reviewed (8)

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Avian influenza — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Avian influenza"

Run this search on Europe PMC

MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: Influenza in Birds

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Avian influenza" OR "Influenza in Birds"

Interventional trials matched via: phrase, mesh (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 38 interventional · 5 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Parent-category trials query:

"influenza"

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase, mesh

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (40119) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T16:44:20.638Z