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ORPHA:443227

Paratyphoid fever

low confidenceDisorder

Publications

7,445

Trials

5

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,093

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

2/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A rare form of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, B and C, characterized by typical symptoms of enteric fever including high fever, headache, abdominal pain and intestinal symptoms, dry cough, chills, and rashes, followed by a long period of recovery. The infection can be complicated by intestinal hemorrhage and perforation, as well as cardiac involvement, and may even be fatal. Transmission of the pathogen is via the fecal-oral route, with humans as the sole reservoir of infection.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

2/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    7,445 matched papers (1,062 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedNot checked

    Not yet enriched from Monarch / HPO

  4. Animal modelNot checked

    Not yet enriched from Monarch / Alliance

  5. Orphan designationNot checked

    FDA/EMA orphan-drug designation not enriched yet

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    5 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

Not enriched in this build — Monarch phenotype joins were not run for this record.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

Not enriched in this build.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

7,445

7,445 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=5449) is 41.

7,445 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 41 (publications denominator n=5449).

1,062 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 7,445 · MeSH hits: 176

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,093

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Pollard AJ15 papers · 2026

    Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Baker S8 papers · 2026

    Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Qamar FN8 papers · 2026

    Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Zhang Y8 papers · 2026

    Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Basnyat B7 papers · 2026

    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Chen Y7 papers · 2026

    Department of Disease Control, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Garrett DO6 papers · 2026

    Coalition against Typhoid, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Gordon MA6 papers · 2026

    College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Khanam F6 papers · 2026

    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Liu X6 papers · 2026

    Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

5

interventional trials for this specific condition

5 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; none in our sample are currently recruiting.

Data as of 27 July 2026

5 interventional trials — more than 73% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5114 of 7003; this disease is at the 87.9th percentile).

low confidence · 87.9th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

5 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

No currently recruiting studies in the matched set. Open the same search on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Observational and natural-history studies

1 observational study matches this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Where to find support

We do not yet link condition-specific patient organisations. These umbrella groups support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families:

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Paratyphoid fever"

Run this search on Europe PMC

MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: Paratyphoid Fever

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Paratyphoid fever"

Interventional trials matched via: both (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 5 interventional · 1 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase, mesh

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (7445) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T16:26:21.978Z