RARE DISEASERESEARCH ATLAS
Open navigation menu

ORPHA:443227

Paratyphoid fever

low confidenceDisorder

Publications

7,445

Trials

5

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,093

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

3/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A rare form of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, B and C, characterized by typical symptoms of enteric fever including high fever, headache, abdominal pain and intestinal symptoms, dry cough, chills, and rashes, followed by a long period of recovery. The infection can be complicated by intestinal hemorrhage and perforation, as well as cardiac involvement, and may even be fatal. Transmission of the pathogen is via the fecal-oral route, with humans as the sole reservoir of infection.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

3/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    7,445 matched papers (1,062 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    2 HPO annotations (e.g. Hepatosplenomegaly; Bradycardia) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    5 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

2

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0018626

  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Bradycardia

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

1

Drugs / clinical candidates · MONDO_0018626

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

7,445

7,445 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

7,445 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

1,062 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 7,445 · MeSH hits: 176

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,093

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Pollard AJ15 papers · 2026

    Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Baker S8 papers · 2026

    Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Qamar FN8 papers · 2026

    Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Zhang Y8 papers · 2026

    Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Basnyat B7 papers · 2026

    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Chen Y7 papers · 2026

    Department of Disease Control, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Garrett DO6 papers · 2026

    Coalition against Typhoid, Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Gordon MA6 papers · 2026

    College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Khanam F6 papers · 2026

    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Liu X6 papers · 2026

    Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

5

interventional trials for this specific condition

5 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; none in our sample are currently recruiting.

Data as of 11 September 2026

5 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 89.2th percentile).

low confidence · 89.2th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

5 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

No currently recruiting studies in the matched set. Open the same search on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Observational and natural-history studies

1 observational study matches this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 13 · after dedupe 13 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 13 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Uncertain / not reviewed (13)

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Paratyphoid fever — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Paratyphoid fever"

Run this search on Europe PMC

MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: Paratyphoid Fever

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Paratyphoid fever"

Interventional trials matched via: both (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 5 interventional · 1 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase, mesh

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (7445) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T16:26:21.978Z