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ORPHA:401945

Moyamoya disease with early-onset achalasia

medium confidenceDisorder

Publications

322

76.7th percentile

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

72

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

GUCY1A1

Strong

Readiness

4/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

Moyamoya disease with early-onset achalasia is an exceedingly rare neurological disorder reported only in a few families so far. It is characterized by the association of early onset achalasia (manifesting in infancy) with severe intracranial angiopathy that is consistent with moyamoya angiopathy in most cases (moyamoya disease). Other variable associated manifestations include hypertension, Raynaud phenomenon, and livedo reticularis.

How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (1)

moyamoya 6 with achalasia

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

4/6 stages with a signal

No specific-condition interventional trial, but broader-category trials exist — discuss eligibility with a clinician.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Strong — GUCY1A1

  2. LiteraturePresent

    322 matched papers (313 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    20 HPO annotations (e.g. Abnormal cerebral vascular morphology; Thrombocytopenia; Hypertension) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialPartial

    None under the specific name; 29 for broader category Moyamoya disease

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (GUCY1A1).

GenCC classification: Strong.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

20

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0014331

  • Abnormal cerebral vascular morphology
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Hypertension
  • Moyamoya phenomenon
  • Raynaud phenomenon

Showing 5 of 20 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

322

322 papers have ever been published on this condition (under this name). For scale, breast cancer has over 700,000. Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

322 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

313 in the last 10 years · medium confidence · 76.7th percentile (publications denominator)

Phrase hits: 5 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

72

Distinct author names in 5 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Alanne-Kinnunen M1 paper · 2018

    Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Aldhahri SK1 paper · 2025

    Genetic and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Altassan R1 paper · 2025

    Department of Medical Genomics, Genomics Medicine Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: raltassan@kfshrc.edu.sa.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Asselman C1 paper · 2025

    VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Campus Ardoyen, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Baumer A1 paper · 2023

    Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Bhandari A1 paper · 2018

    Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Bing N1 paper · 2018

    Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Cabello EM1 paper · 2023

    Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Chatterjee AK1 paper · 2018

    Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Daly MJ1 paper · 2018

    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present). 29 trials are registered for Moyamoya disease, the broader category — shown separately because they may or may not enrol this specific subtype.

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

medium confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

29 interventional trials matched Moyamoya disease, the broader category — listed below. Those studies are not counted in the condition-specific total.

Broader category: Moyamoya disease

29

Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.

Worth raising with a clinician. How we count trials.

Recruiting under the broader category

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Moyamoya disease with early-onset achalasia — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Moyamoya disease with early-onset achalasia" OR "moyamoya 6 with achalasia") OR ("GUCY1A1" OR "GUCY1A1 syndrome" OR "GUCY1A1-related")

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Moyamoya disease with early-onset achalasia" OR "moyamoya 6 with achalasia"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Parent-category trials query:

"Moyamoya disease"

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (322) is high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — confidence capped at medium

Ingested 2026-07-27T15:28:17.283Z