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ORPHA:398987

Malignant teratoma of ovary

high confidenceDisorder

Also known as: Immature teratoma of ovary · Ovarian immature teratoma · Ovarian malignant teratoma

Publications

597

73.1th percentile

Trials

3

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,126

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

2/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A rare ovarian germ cell tumor characterized by a unilateral large adnexal mass containing variable amounts of immature embryonal-type tissues (mostly in the form of neuroectodermal tubules and rosettes, sometimes with a component of cellular mitotically active glia), admixed with ectodermal and endodermal elements with varying degrees of maturation. Patients typically present in their first three decades of life with signs and symptoms related to mass effect. The tumor is often associated with the occurrence of innumerable miliary nodules of mature glia in the peritoneum (gliomatosis peritonei) and abdominal lymph nodes.

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (16)

immature germ cell teratoma of ovary · immature germ cell teratoma of the ovary · immature ovarian teratoma · immature teratoma of ovary · immature teratoma of the ovary · malignant germ cell teratoma of ovary · malignant germ cell teratoma of the ovary · malignant ovarian germ cell teratoma · malignant ovarian teratoma · malignant teratoma of ovary · malignant teratoma of the ovary · ovarian germ cell immature teratoma · ovarian immature germ cell teratoma · ovarian immature teratoma · ovarian malignant teratoma · ovary malignant teratoma

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

2/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    597 matched papers (268 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedNot found

    No HPO disease–phenotype associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    3 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (1 recruiting in sample)

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

None returned for this Mondo ID. That often means “not linked under this ID,” not “no clinical features.”

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

4

Drugs / clinical candidates · MONDO_0018369

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

597

597 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

597 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

268 in the last 10 years · high confidence · 73.1th percentile (publications denominator)

Phrase hits: 597 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,126

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Yang J13 papers · 2025

    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Li Y8 papers · 2026

    Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Xiang Y6 papers · 2025

    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China xiangy@pumch.cn.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Fruscio R5 papers · 2026

    Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Pashankar F5 papers · 2024

    Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Zhang X5 papers · 2023

    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Bonazzi CM4 papers · 2025

    Unit of Gynecology, Woman and Child Department, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Gerardo, Monza, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Cao D4 papers · 2023

    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Giuliani D4 papers · 2025

    Unit of Gynecology, Woman and Child Department, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Gerardo, Monza, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Grassi T4 papers · 2025

    Unit of Gynecology, Woman and Child Department, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Gerardo, Monza, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

3

interventional trials for this specific condition

3 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 1 currently recruiting in our sample. 1 trial are registered for malignant teratoma, the broader category — shown separately because they may or may not enrol this specific subtype.

Data as of 11 September 2026

3 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 86.7th percentile).

high confidence · 86.7th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

3 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

Broader category: malignant teratoma

1

Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.

Worth raising with a clinician. How we count trials.

Recruiting under the broader category

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Malignant teratoma of ovary — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Malignant teratoma of ovary" OR "Malignant teratoma of the ovary" OR "Immature teratoma of ovary" OR "Immature teratoma of the ovary" OR "Ovarian immature teratoma" OR "Ovarian malignant teratoma" OR "immature germ cell teratoma of ovary" OR "immature germ cell teratoma of the ovary" OR "immature ovarian teratoma" OR "malignant germ cell teratoma of ovary" OR "malignant germ cell teratoma of the ovary" OR "malignant ovarian germ cell teratoma" OR "malignant ovarian teratoma" OR "ovarian germ cell immature teratoma" OR "ovarian immature germ cell teratoma" OR "ovary malignant teratoma"

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Malignant teratoma of ovary" OR "Malignant teratoma of the ovary" OR "Immature teratoma of ovary" OR "Immature teratoma of the ovary" OR "Ovarian immature teratoma" OR "Ovarian malignant teratoma" OR "immature germ cell teratoma of ovary" OR "immature germ cell teratoma of the ovary" OR "immature ovarian teratoma" OR "malignant germ cell teratoma of ovary" OR "malignant germ cell teratoma of the ovary" OR "malignant ovarian germ cell teratoma" OR "malignant ovarian teratoma" OR "ovarian germ cell immature teratoma" OR "ovarian immature germ cell teratoma" OR "ovary malignant teratoma"

Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 3 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Parent-category trials query:

"malignant teratoma"

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus

Ingested 2026-07-27T15:22:18.600Z