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ORPHA:364013

Immune hydrops fetalis

low confidenceSubtype of disorder

Also known as: IHF · Immune HF · Immune fetal edema · Immune fetal hydrops

Publications

1,407

Trials

3

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,294

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

2/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

Immune hydrops fetalis (IHF), a form of HF, describes the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities due to maternal rhesus (Rh) incompatibility.

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (5)

immune HF · immune fetal edema · immune fetal hydrops · immune foetal hydrops · immune foetal oedema

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

2/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    1,407 matched papers (722 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedNot checked

    Not yet enriched from Monarch / HPO

  4. Animal modelNot checked

    Not yet enriched from Monarch / Alliance

  5. Orphan designationNot checked

    FDA/EMA orphan-drug designation not enriched yet

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    3 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (1 recruiting in sample)

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

Not enriched in this build — Monarch phenotype joins were not run for this record.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

Not enriched in this build.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

1,407

1,407 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=5449) is 41.

1,407 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 41 (publications denominator n=5449).

722 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 1,407 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,294

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Al-Kouatly HB10 papers · 2026

    Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Berger SI6 papers · 2026

    Center for Genetic Medicine Research and Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Makhamreh MM6 papers · 2026

    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Wodoslawsky S6 papers · 2025

    Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Critchlow E5 papers · 2024

    Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Shivashankar K5 papers · 2026

    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Zhang Y5 papers · 2026

    Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Rice SM4 papers · 2026

    Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Sparks TN4 papers · 2026

    Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Sun L4 papers · 2026

    Fetal Medicine Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

3

interventional trials for this specific condition

3 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 1 currently recruiting in our sample. 2 trials are registered for hydrops fetalis, the broader category — shown separately because they may or may not enrol this specific subtype.

Data as of 27 July 2026

3 interventional trials — more than 73% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5114 of 7003; this disease is at the 85.1th percentile).

low confidence · 85.1th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

3 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

Broader category: hydrops fetalis

2

Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.

Worth raising with a clinician. How we count trials.

Recruiting under the broader category

Where to find support

We do not yet link condition-specific patient organisations. These umbrella groups support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families:

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Immune hydrops fetalis" OR "Immune HF" OR "Immune fetal edema" OR "Immune fetal hydrops" OR "immune foetal hydrops" OR "immune foetal oedema"

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Immune hydrops fetalis" OR "Immune HF" OR "Immune fetal edema" OR "Immune fetal hydrops" OR "immune foetal hydrops" OR "immune foetal oedema"

Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 3 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Parent-category trials query:

"hydrops fetalis"

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Synonyms dropped by stoplist: IHF

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • 1 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (1407) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T14:45:46.610Z