ORPHA:36234
Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome
Also known as: Bacterial TSS
Publications
14,666
96th percentile
Trials
5
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
1,203
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
—
Readiness
3/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
Bacterial toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially fatal, acute disease characterized by a sudden onset of high fever along with nausea, myalgia, vomiting and multisystem organ involvement, potentially leading to shock and death. TSS is mediated by superantigenic toxins, usually caused by an infection with Staphylococcus aureus in staphylococcal TSS or Streptococcus pyogenes in streptococcal TSS.
How rare: 1-9 / 100 000 — about one to nine people per hundred thousand.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0001881
- MeSH:D012772
- UMLS:C0600327
- NCIT:C35498
Additional Mondo synonyms (8)
TSS · TSS, toxic shock syndrome · bacterial TSS · bacterial toxic-shock syndrome · shock syndrome (TSS), toxic · syndrome (TSS), toxic shock · toxic shock syndrome · toxic shock syndrome, (TSS)
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
3/6 stages with a signal
An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.
- Gene identifiedNot found
No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build
- LiteraturePresent
14,666 matched papers (6,996 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedPresent
62 HPO annotations (e.g. Hypotension; Shock; Severe infection) Source
- Animal modelNot found
No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs
- Orphan designationNot found
No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source
- Interventional trialPresent
5 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.
No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
62
Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0001881
- Hypotension
- Shock
- Severe infection
- Abdominal pain
- Respiratory distress
Showing 5 of 62 — open Monarch for the full list.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.
Monarch fetch 2026-07-29
Therapies
Designations, candidates, and chemicals
FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.
Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)
No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.
Open Targets candidates
No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.
CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)
68 associated chemicals · 126 pathways. Therapeutic evidence is listed first when present — not a treatment recommendation.
- 1-(beta-naphthylmethyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroisoquinoline · therapeutic
- 2-chloro-4'-methoxychalcone · therapeutic
- 2-Propanol · therapeutic
- 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone · therapeutic
- capsiate · therapeutic
- Catecholamines · therapeutic
- Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination · therapeutic
- Cimetidine · therapeutic
- Clindamycin · therapeutic
- Cromolyn Sodium · therapeutic
- Daptomycin · therapeutic
- dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin · therapeutic
Pathways: Arginine biosynthesis; Arginine and proline metabolism; Metabolic pathways; Antifolate resistance; MAPK signaling pathway; Calcium signaling pathway; Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction; NF-kappa B signaling pathway
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
14,666
14,666 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.
14,666 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).
6,996 in the last 10 years · medium confidence · 96th percentile (publications denominator)
Phrase hits: 14,666 · MeSH hits: 0
Who's working on it?
1,203
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.
- 01Wang H4 papers · 2024Papers in Europe PMC
- 02Hagiya H3 papers · 2026
Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03Lee H3 papers · 2026
Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Papers in Europe PMC - 04Schlievert PM3 papers · 2026
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA. patrick-schlievert@uiowa.edu.
Papers in Europe PMC - 05Armeftis C2 papers · 2023
Ygia Polyclinic Private Hospital, 21 Nafpliou Str, Limassol, 3025, Cyprus.
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Azizi M2 papers · 2025
Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Bae EJ2 papers · 2021
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08Chen K2 papers · 2026
Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Cheng J2 papers · 2024Papers in Europe PMC
- 10Choi EH2 papers · 2026
Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Papers in Europe PMC
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
5
interventional trials for this specific condition
5 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; none in our sample are currently recruiting.
Data as of 11 September 2026
5 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 89.2th percentile).
medium confidence · 89.2th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
5 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.
No currently recruiting studies in the matched set. Open the same search on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Observational and natural-history studies
3 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.
Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting
- NCT07199998·RECRUITING·Impact of Internal Menstrual Protections on Immunity and Vaginal Microbiota
Not reviewed·Conditions: Sexual Transmitted Disease · Vaginosis, Bacterial · Mycosis · Urogenital Disease·Matched via name phrase
- NCT06124599·RECRUITING·Prodromes of Menstrual Staphylococcal Toxic Shock
Not reviewed·Conditions: Toxic Shock Syndrome Staphylococcal·Matched via name phrase
Other registries (secondary)
Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.
raw 66 · after dedupe 63 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 63 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29
Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri
No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).
Uncertain / not reviewed (63)
- isrctn·ISRCTN16496629·Not yet recruiting·Impact of menstrual cups on adolescent girls' reproductive health and education
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN14352909·No longer recruiting·Tampons for sexually transmitted infection (STI), bacterial vaginosis (BV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) screening
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN17486946·No longer recruiting·Menstrual Solutions Study
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN27146131·No longer recruiting·A phase I/II study on the safety, tolerance and acceptability of a vaginal gel containing sodium lauryl sulphate (invisible condom) in healthy subjects
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN74427627·Stopped·Multi-centre randomised placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids in the prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in acute Kawasaki Disease (KD)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN15840647·Recruiting·A study testing whether a new conditioner used with ketoconazole shampoo improves hair health and scalp symptoms in people with dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis) compared to using the shampoo alone
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN80067058·No longer recruiting·Comparison of Tonsilgon N and local herbal anti-inflammatory medicine in patients with tonsillitis
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN38568489·Stopped·Gentamicin hydrocortisone formulations in Otitis Externa Study (GOES)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN32847177·No longer recruiting·A multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose crossover proof of concept study to compare the efficacy of mefenamic acid administered vaginally and orally in healthy menstruating women with primary dysmenorrhoea requiring analgesia
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-523555-66-00·Authorised·A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Control Study of Pelabresib (DAK539) and Ruxolitinib vs. Placebo and Ruxolitinib in Adult Patients with Myelofibrosis who are JAK inhibitor naive
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-524302-15-00·Authorised·A Multicentre, Open-Label Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of MaaT013 in Ruxolitinib-Refractory or Intolerant Paediatric and Adolescent participants with Gastrointestinal Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-522475-28-00·Authorised, ongoing·A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Levosimendan in Pulmonary Hypertension Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-522509-39-00·Authorised, ongoing·Pacritinib For The Reduction Of Bone Marrow Fibrosis In Patients With Myelofibrosis Who Have Thrombocytopenia; A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single Arm, Phase II Exploratory Study
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-523597-17-00·Authorised·A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the effects of high concentration capsaicin patch (Qutenza) on neuropathic symptoms, nerve fibers, and microcirculation in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-519550-36-00·Authorised, ongoing·International multicentre, open-label, phase IV clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety and effect on quality of life of bilastine in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-521764-35-01·Revoked·A prospective, randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of lozenges with benzydamine hydrochloride and dichlorobenzyl alcohol in the symptomatic treatment of patients suffering from acute pharyngitis
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-515125-28-00·Authorised, ongoing·A Global Phase 2b, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ninerafaxstat in Patients with Symptomatic Non Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – FORTITUDE-HCM
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-518438-94-00·Authorised, ongoing·C4921003 - A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of an Oral Branched-Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitor, PF-07328948 in Adults with Heart Failure (BRANCH-HF)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-519525-38-00·Authorised, ongoing·EASi-HF Reduced – A Phase III double-blind, randomised, parallel-group superiority trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of the combined use of oral vicadrostat (BI 690517) and empagliflozin compared with placebo and empagliflozin in participants with symptomatic chronic heart failure (HF: NYHA II-IV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-518951-52-00·Revoked·Corticotrophin Releasing Factor 2 Agonist For the Treatment of Worsening Heart Failure (WHF) – The CRAFT-WHF Study
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-508875-35-00·Authorised, ongoing·A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pragmatic study to evaluate FINerenone on clinicAL effIcacy and safeTY in patients with Heart Failure and reduced ejection fraction who are intolerant of or not eligible for treatment with steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (FINALITY-HF)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-516815-26-00·Expired·A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, 52week Phase 3 trial to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of itepekimab in adult participants with inadequately-controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-508874-27-00·Authorised, ongoing·COmbiNed eFfIcacy and safety of an eaRly, intensive MAnagement sTrategy with fInerenOne and SGLT2 iNhibitor in patients hospitalized with Heart Failure (CONFIRMATION-HF)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-513862-20-00·Expired·A Multicentre, Single-Arm, Phase 3b Study to Assess Changes in Symptoms in Participants With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis Initiating Treatment with Tezepelumab (ESSENCE)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-515252-20-00·Authorised, ongoing·A Phase I/II Open-Label, Multi-centre Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Roginolisib in Combination with an Approved JAK inhibitor in Patients with Myelofibrosis (MF) who are Unresponsive to JAK inhibitors (HEMA-MED)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
Where to find support
Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.
Orphanet entry for Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
"Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome" OR "Bacterial TSS" OR "TSS, toxic shock syndrome" OR "shock syndrome (TSS), toxic" OR "syndrome (TSS), toxic shock" OR "toxic shock syndrome" OR "toxic shock syndrome, (TSS)"
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome" OR "Bacterial TSS" OR "TSS, toxic shock syndrome" OR "shock syndrome (TSS), toxic" OR "syndrome (TSS), toxic shock" OR "toxic shock syndrome" OR "toxic shock syndrome, (TSS)"
Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).
Study-type breakdown: 5 interventional · 3 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Synonyms dropped by stoplist: TSS
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- 1 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
Ingested 2026-07-26T23:50:59.162Z