ORPHA:36234
Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome
Also known as: Bacterial TSS
Publications
14,666
98.1th percentile
Trials
5
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
1,203
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
—
Readiness
2/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
Bacterial toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially fatal, acute disease characterized by a sudden onset of high fever along with nausea, myalgia, vomiting and multisystem organ involvement, potentially leading to shock and death. TSS is mediated by superantigenic toxins, usually caused by an infection with Staphylococcus aureus in staphylococcal TSS or Streptococcus pyogenes in streptococcal TSS.
How rare: 1-9 / 100 000 — about one to nine people per hundred thousand.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0001881
- MeSH:D012772
- UMLS:C0600327
- NCIT:C35498
Additional Mondo synonyms (8)
TSS · TSS, toxic shock syndrome · bacterial TSS · bacterial toxic-shock syndrome · shock syndrome (TSS), toxic · syndrome (TSS), toxic shock · toxic shock syndrome · toxic shock syndrome, (TSS)
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
2/6 stages with a signal
An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.
- Gene identifiedNot found
No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build
- LiteraturePresent
14,666 matched papers (6,996 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedNot checked
Not yet enriched from Monarch / HPO
- Animal modelNot checked
Not yet enriched from Monarch / Alliance
- Orphan designationNot checked
FDA/EMA orphan-drug designation not enriched yet
- Interventional trialPresent
5 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.
No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
Not enriched in this build — Monarch phenotype joins were not run for this record.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
Not enriched in this build.
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
14,666
14,666 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=5449) is 41.
14,666 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 41 (publications denominator n=5449).
6,996 in the last 10 years · medium confidence · 98.1th percentile (publications denominator)
Phrase hits: 14,666 · MeSH hits: 0
Who's working on it?
1,203
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.
- 01Wang H4 papers · 2024Papers in Europe PMC
- 02Hagiya H3 papers · 2026
Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03Lee H3 papers · 2026
Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Papers in Europe PMC - 04Schlievert PM3 papers · 2026
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA. patrick-schlievert@uiowa.edu.
Papers in Europe PMC - 05Armeftis C2 papers · 2023
Ygia Polyclinic Private Hospital, 21 Nafpliou Str, Limassol, 3025, Cyprus.
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Azizi M2 papers · 2025
Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Bae EJ2 papers · 2021
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08Chen K2 papers · 2026
Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Cheng J2 papers · 2024Papers in Europe PMC
- 10Choi EH2 papers · 2026
Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Papers in Europe PMC
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
5
interventional trials for this specific condition
5 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; none in our sample are currently recruiting.
Data as of 27 July 2026
5 interventional trials — more than 73% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5114 of 7003; this disease is at the 87.9th percentile).
medium confidence · 87.9th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
5 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.
No currently recruiting studies in the matched set. Open the same search on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Observational and natural-history studies
3 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.
Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting
- NCT07199998·RECRUITING·Impact of Internal Menstrual Protections on Immunity and Vaginal Microbiota
Conditions: Sexual Transmitted Disease · Vaginosis, Bacterial · Mycosis · Urogenital Disease·Matched via name phrase
- NCT06124599·RECRUITING·Prodromes of Menstrual Staphylococcal Toxic Shock
Conditions: Toxic Shock Syndrome Staphylococcal·Matched via name phrase
Where to find support
We do not yet link condition-specific patient organisations. These umbrella groups support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families:
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
"Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome" OR "Bacterial TSS" OR "TSS, toxic shock syndrome" OR "shock syndrome (TSS), toxic" OR "syndrome (TSS), toxic shock" OR "toxic shock syndrome" OR "toxic shock syndrome, (TSS)"
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome" OR "Bacterial TSS" OR "TSS, toxic shock syndrome" OR "shock syndrome (TSS), toxic" OR "syndrome (TSS), toxic shock" OR "toxic shock syndrome" OR "toxic shock syndrome, (TSS)"
Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).
Study-type breakdown: 5 interventional · 3 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Synonyms dropped by stoplist: TSS
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- 1 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
Ingested 2026-07-26T23:50:59.162Z