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ORPHA:33001

Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome

low confidenceDisorder

Publications

5,004

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,121

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

FOXC2

Definitive

Readiness

3/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A rare syndromic lymphedema characterized by lower-limb lymphedema and varying degrees of abnormal growth of eyelashes from the orifices of the Meibomian glands (distichiasis), with occasional associated manifestations.

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (1)

lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

3/6 stages with a signal

No matched interventional trial; the gene is known and literature exists — preclinical or natural-history work may still be the practical next step.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Definitive — FOXC2

  2. LiteraturePresent

    5,004 matched papers (3,322 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    53 HPO annotations (e.g. Tetralogy of Fallot; Ptosis; Cellulitis) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialNot found

    No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (FOXC2).

GenCC classification: Definitive.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

53

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0007922

  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Ptosis
  • Cellulitis
  • Cleft upper lip
  • Micrognathia

Showing 5 of 53 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

5,004

5,004 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

5,004 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

3,322 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 236 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,121

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Witte MH8 papers · 2024

    Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson. Electronic address: lymph@surgery.arizona.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Erickson RP7 papers · 2024

    Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson. Electronic address: erickson@peds.arizona.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Michelini S6 papers · 2022

    Department of Vascular Rehabilitation, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 00148 Rome, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Ikegawa S5 papers · 2018

    Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Kume T5 papers · 2024

    Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Liu M5 papers · 2024

    Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiefang South Road No.199, Xuzhou, 221009, Jiangsu, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Matsumoto M5 papers · 2018

    Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Vignes S5 papers · 2022

    Department of Lymphology, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares (Lymphœdèmes primaires), Hôpital Cognacq-Jay, 15, rue Eugène-Millon, 75015, Paris, France. stephane.vignes@cognacq-jay.fr.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Wang X5 papers · 2024

    Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Yang Y5 papers · 2022

    Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome") OR ("FOXC2" OR "FOXC2 syndrome" OR "FOXC2-related")

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (5004) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-26T23:31:30.269Z