ORPHA:3299
Tetanus
Publications
94,099
Trials
247
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
1,482
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
—
Readiness
3/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
A toxin-mediated infection due to the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium tetani and characterized by spasms and contractions of the skeletal muscles, the disease is often lethal.
How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0005526
- MeSH:D013742
- UMLS:C0039614
- NCIT:C85185
Additional Mondo synonyms (2)
Clostridium tetani caused infectious disease of the nervous system · Clostridium tetani infectious disease of the nervous system
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
3/6 stages with a signal
An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.
- Gene identifiedNot found
No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build
- LiteraturePresent
94,099 matched papers (31,681 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedPresent
30 HPO annotations (e.g. Dysphagia; Humoral immunodeficiency; Intermittent painful muscle spasms) Source
- Animal modelNot found
No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs
- Orphan designationNot found
No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source
- Interventional trialPresent
247 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (22 recruiting in sample)
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.
No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
30
Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0005526
- Dysphagia
- Humoral immunodeficiency
- Intermittent painful muscle spasms
- Autonomic bladder dysfunction
- Laryngospasm
Showing 5 of 30 — open Monarch for the full list.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.
Monarch fetch 2026-07-29
Therapies
Designations, candidates, and chemicals
FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.
Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)
No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.
Open Targets candidates
8
Drugs / clinical candidates · MONDO_0005526
- PENTETIC ACID·phase 3
- TECHNETIUM TC 99M PENTETATE·phase 3
- TRALOKINUMAB·phase 2
- BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ·approval
- BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS PERTACTIN AUTOTRANSPORTER·approval
- DIPHTHERIA TOXOID·approval
- HEPATITIS B VIRUS HBSAG SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN·approval
- TETANUS TOXOID·approval
CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)
10 associated chemicals. Therapeutic evidence is listed first when present — not a treatment recommendation.
- Baclofen · therapeutic
- Barbiturates · therapeutic
- Diazepam · therapeutic
- Labetalol · therapeutic
- Magnesium Sulfate · therapeutic
- Midazolam · therapeutic
- Pancuronium · therapeutic
- Propofol · therapeutic
- Vecuronium Bromide · therapeutic
- Tetanus Toxin · marker/mechanism
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
94,099
94,099 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.
94,099 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).
31,681 in the last 10 years · low confidence
Phrase hits: 94,099 · MeSH hits: 0
Who's working on it?
1,482
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.
- 01Li Y7 papers · 2026
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 02Wang Y7 papers · 2026
Henan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03Zhang Y7 papers · 2026
China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 04
- 05Wang X6 papers · 2026
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Hubei, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Chen Y5 papers · 2026
Emergency Department, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Huang Y5 papers · 2026
Beijing Institute for Brain Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08Li H5 papers · 2026
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, PR China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Li J5 papers · 2026
The Second Clinical Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 10Liu C5 papers · 2026
Department of Emergency, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China. Electronic address: Chengliu218@pku.edu.cn.
Papers in Europe PMC
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
247
interventional trials for this specific condition
247 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 22 currently recruiting in our sample.
Data as of 11 September 2026
247 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 99.5th percentile).
low confidence · 99.5th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
247 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.
- NCT07446166·NOT YET RECRUITING·TETANUS Antibody Detection in Saliva Study
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07624669·NOT YET RECRUITING·A First in Human Study Investigating the Safety of an Unloaded and Loaded (With a Tetanus-containing Vaccine Booster) Microneedle Patch in Healthy Adults
Not reviewed·Conditions: Vaccine Delivery · Tetanus·Matched via name phrase
- NCT06184542·RECRUITING·Phase I Clinical Trial of Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Component Combined Vaccine
Not reviewed·Conditions: Diphtheria · Tetanus · Pertussis·Matched via name phrase
- NCT06815250·RECRUITING·Enhancing Maternal Vaccine Knowledge and Uptake: The InTroDuce-Programme Trial
Not reviewed·Conditions: Vaccination Uptake · Knowledge · Tetanus, Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination · Influenza·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07097012·RECRUITING·Concurrent Versus Sequential Administration of Tdap and RSV Vaccines in Pregnancy
Not reviewed·Conditions: RSV · Tdap - Tetanus, Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination · Pregnancy · Healthy·Matched via name phrase
- NCT06135636·RECRUITING·Assessing Interventions to Increase Tdap Acceptance for Non-birthing Partners in Pregnancy
Not reviewed·Conditions: Non-birthing Partner Vaccination in Pregnancy · Tdap - Tetanus, Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination · Vaccine Exposure During Pregnancy·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07203755·RECRUITING·Clinical Trial of the Adsorbed Acellular Pertussis (Tricomponent) DTaP-Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Conjugate)-ACYW135 Group Meningococcal (Conjugate) Combined Vaccine
Not reviewed·Conditions: Diphtheria, Tetanus and Acellular Pertussis · Epidemic Meningitis · Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Infection·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07418372·NOT YET RECRUITING·Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (Reduced Dose) Vaccine
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus, Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination · Tetanus · Diphtheria · Pertussis·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07598890·NOT YET RECRUITING·Phase I Clinical Trial of Adsorbed Tetanus Vaccine
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07112144·RECRUITING·Adsorption of Cell-free Diphtheria and Tetanus (Three-component) Combined With Vaccine Phase III Clinical Trial
Not reviewed·Conditions: Prevent Whooping Cough · Prevent Diphtheria · Prevent Tetanus·Matched via name phrase
- NCT06920069·NOT YET RECRUITING·Study of Concomitant Administration of the sIPV and DTaP or MMR
Not reviewed·Conditions: Polio · Diphteria, Tetanus and Pertussis · MMR Vaccine·Matched via name phrase
- NCT06635798·RECRUITING·A Phase III Clinical Trail to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Immunogenicity Characteristics of GR2001 Injection
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus·Matched via name phrase
- NCT06997627·RECRUITING·A Phase I/II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of GC3111B in Healthy Adults
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular Pertussis (Tdap)·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07149454·ENROLLING BY INVITATION·Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Recombinant Human Anti-Tetanus Toxin Monoclonal Antibody Injection
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07596173·RECRUITING·A Study on the Immune Response and Safety of a Combined Vaccine Against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Acellular Pertussis (dTpa) in Healthy Japanese Adolescents Aged 11 Years to <13 Years
Not reviewed·Conditions: Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines·Matched via name phrase
Observational and natural-history studies
26 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.
Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting
- NCT07347938·NOT YET RECRUITING·A Phase 4 Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Siltartoxatug Injection for Tetanus Prophylaxis Following Injury
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07358910·RECRUITING·Risk Assessment of Community Spread of Multiple Endemic Infectious Diseases in a One Health Perspective
Not reviewed·Conditions: Dengue · Chikungunya · Zika Virus Infection · Japanese Encephalitis·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07107932·RECRUITING·A Registry： Siltartoxatug Injection for Tetanus Prophylaxis Following Injury
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus·Matched via name phrase
- NCT07512167·RECRUITING·Tetanus Severity Score for Prediction of Mortality in Manifest Tetanus
Not reviewed·Conditions: Tetanus, Manifest·Matched via name phrase
Other registries (secondary)
Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.
raw 64 · after dedupe 64 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 64 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29
Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri
No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).
Uncertain / not reviewed (64)
- ctis·2025-524635-39-00·Authorised·An Open Label, Single Arm, Phase I/II Clinical Study of Autologous CD4+ T-Cells Edited Ex-Vivo at the CD40LG Locus by CRISPR/Cas9 and IDLV-based vector in Patients with X-linked Hyper IgM Syndrome Type 1 (HIGM1)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-521752-26-00·Authorised, ongoing·A Phase 2 Study to Assess ADX-038 in Participants With Complement-Mediated Kidney Disease
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2025-522406-20-00·Authorised, recruiting·A Phase 1b/2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate A) the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Ascending Doses of IM-101 in Adult Participants with Generalized Myasthenia Gravis, and B) the Efficacy and Safety of Treatment of IM-101 in Adult Participants with Generalized Myasthenia Gravis and Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-506296-97-00·Authorised, ongoing·A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Deucravacitinib in Adolescent Subjects (12 years to less than 18 years) with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-509124-18-00·Authorised, recruiting·B7451031 - A Phase 3, Multicenter, Long-Term, Open-Label Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Abrocitinib, With or Without Topical Medications Administered to Pediatric Participants Aged 2 Years and Older With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-509121-51-00·Authorised, ongoing·B7451023 - A 16-Week, Multicenter, Interventional, Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Investigate Efficacy and Safety of Abrocitinib in Children 6 to Less Than 12 Years of Age With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-515312-50-00·Authorised·Investigating the (autoreactive) B cell compartment in antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases in comparison with the recall Tetanus Toxoid response
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-519991-18-00·Authorised, ongoing·Evaluation of 200 mg of Rituximab every 6 months as maintenance treatment of Rituximab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a non-inferiority prospective randomised controlled trial (RADAR)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-507600-32-00·Authorised, recruiting·A Phase 3, randomized, modified double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group, 2-arm study to
investigate the safety and immunogenicity of a 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthy infants and toddlers
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-510465-10-00·Expired·A parallel-group prevention, Phase II, partially blinded, multi-stage study to investigate the immunogenicity and safety of Pentavalent Meningococcal ABCYW Vaccine formulations compared with licensed meningococcal vaccines when administered alone in healthy children (2 to 9 years of age) or concomitantly with routine pediatric vaccines in toddlers (12 to 15 months of age) and infants (2 months of age).
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-518461-10-00·Cancelled·A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of Mavorixafor in Patients with WHIM Syndrome with Open-Label Extension
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-508563-73-00·Authorised·A Randomised, Observer-Blind Trial to Evaluate the Immunogenicity, Safety, and Reactogenicity of a Group B Streptococcus Vaccine (GBS-NN/NN-2) when 1 Dose is Administered Concomitantly with the TDaP Vaccine in Healthy Non-pregnant Women 18 to 49 years of age Compared to when Each Vaccine is Administered Alone
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-511214-20-00·11·The MEMORINEPH study: Memory B cell level-based tailored treatment with Rixathon in children with complicated forms of steroid-sensitive Nephrotic syndrome
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-518692-56-00·Authorised·The optimal timing of vaccination in pregnancy: a multi-dimensional mechanistic approach to measure immune responses in pregnant women (MATIMMUNE)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-517893-73-00·Cancelled·Maternal determinants of infant immunity to pertussis (MADI-02)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-507906-15-00·Expired·An open-label, single arm, multi-center extension study evaluating long-term safety, tolerability and effectiveness of ofatumumab in subjects with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-508416-35-00·Cancelled·A phase 4, randomised vaccination study in healthy adults to investigate the effects of acellular pertussis vaccine on colonisation with Bordetella pertussis using controlled human infection (KIM-study)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-513640-29-00·Expired·Primary and booster meningococcal vaccination in Dutch elderly: study to investigate the immune response and determine functional antibodies after the tetravalent MenACWY-TT conjugate vaccine in the elderly population
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-510145-25-00·Expired·A Phase IIIb, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Dose and Describe the Immune Persistence of MenACYW Conjugate Vaccine with 5- and/or 10-year Booster Doses in Children and Adolescents who had been Primed with MenACYW Conjugate Vaccine as Toddlers
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-511478-56-00·Cancelled·dTap booster vaccination of health care workers (HC dTap)
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2024-510974-25-00·Cancelled·A Phase IV, Multicenter, Open-Label Study Evaluating B-Cell Levels in Infants Potentially Exposed to Ocrelizumab During Pregnancy – The MINORE Study
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-506449-40-00·Cancelled·A Phase II, Randomized, Partially Blinded Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Meningococcal Combined ABCWY Vaccine when Administered to Healthy Infants
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-506415-18-00·Expired·An Open-Label Study of Brentuximab Vedotin+Adriamycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine in Pediatric Patients With Advanced Stage Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- ctis·2023-504331-41-00·Expired·A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study to assess the efficacy and long-term safety of dupilumab in children 2 to <6 years of age with uncontrolled asthma and/or recurrent severe asthmatic wheeze
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
- isrctn·ISRCTN17148628·Not yet recruiting·A study to evaluate the tolerability and the effects on the immune system of a tetanus and diphtheria vaccine which does not need any cold chain distribution or storage
skipped — LLM skipped (--skip-llm)
Where to find support
Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.
Orphanet entry for Tetanus — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
"Tetanus" OR "Clostridium tetani caused infectious disease of the nervous system" OR "Clostridium tetani caused infectious disease of nervous system" OR "Clostridium tetani infectious disease of the nervous system" OR "Clostridium tetani infectious disease of nervous system"
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Tetanus" OR "Clostridium tetani caused infectious disease of the nervous system" OR "Clostridium tetani caused infectious disease of nervous system" OR "Clostridium tetani infectious disease of the nervous system" OR "Clostridium tetani infectious disease of nervous system"
Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).
Study-type breakdown: 247 interventional · 26 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is short or not clearly distinctive
- No synonyms dropped by stoplist
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
- Publication count (94099) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity
Ingested 2026-07-26T22:47:04.185Z