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ORPHA:324964

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis/Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

medium confidenceDisorder

Also known as: CNO/CRMO

Publications

2,199

94.3th percentile

Trials

4

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,097

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

2/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), is a chronic autoinflammatory syndrome that is characterized by multiple foci of painful swelling of bones, mainly in the metaphyses of the long bones, in addition to the pelvis, the shoulder girdle and the spine.

How rare: 1-9 / 1 000 000 — roughly one to nine people per million. In a city the size of Kolkata, perhaps a few dozen.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (6)

CRMO · NBO · chronic multifocal osteomyelitis · chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis · chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (disease) · non-bacterial osteomyelitis

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

2/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    2,199 matched papers (1,401 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedNot checked

    Not yet enriched from Monarch / HPO

  4. Animal modelNot checked

    Not yet enriched from Monarch / Alliance

  5. Orphan designationNot checked

    FDA/EMA orphan-drug designation not enriched yet

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    4 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (1 recruiting in sample)

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

Not enriched in this build — Monarch phenotype joins were not run for this record.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

Not enriched in this build.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

2,199

2,199 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=5449) is 41.

2,199 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 41 (publications denominator n=5449).

1,401 in the last 10 years · medium confidence · 94.3th percentile (publications denominator)

Phrase hits: 2,199 · MeSH hits: 53

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,097

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Hedrich CM7 papers · 2026

    Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Morbach H7 papers · 2026

    Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str.2, 98080, Würzburg, Germany.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Girschick HJ6 papers · 2026

    Vivantes Klinikum Friedrichshain, Children's Hospital, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Germany. Hermann.Girschick@vivantes.de.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Wang Y6 papers · 2026

    Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Chighizola CB5 papers · 2026

    Unit of Pediatric Clinical Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, Milan 20122, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Amati A4 papers · 2026

    Unit of Pediatric Clinical Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Beer M4 papers · 2026

    Department of Radiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Caporali R4 papers · 2026

    Unit of Pediatric Clinical Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Costi S4 papers · 2026

    Unit of Pediatric Clinical Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Girschick H4 papers · 2026

    Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Perinatal Centre, Clinic for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Vivantes Klinikum Berlin, Germany.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

4

interventional trials for this specific condition

4 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 1 currently recruiting in our sample. 66 trials are registered for osteomyelitis, the broader category — shown separately because they may or may not enrol this specific subtype.

Data as of 27 July 2026

4 interventional trials — more than 73% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5114 of 7003; this disease is at the 86.7th percentile).

medium confidence · 86.7th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

4 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

Broader category: osteomyelitis

66

Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.

Worth raising with a clinician. How we count trials.

Recruiting under the broader category

Observational and natural-history studies

3 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

General rare disease registries you may be eligible for

These studies enroll across many rare conditions. They are not counted as evidence that anyone is studying this specific disease.

Where to find support

We do not yet link condition-specific patient organisations. These umbrella groups support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families:

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis/Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis" OR "CNO/CRMO" OR "chronic multifocal osteomyelitis" OR "chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis" OR "chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (disease)" OR "non-bacterial osteomyelitis"

Run this search on Europe PMC

MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis/Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis" OR "CNO/CRMO" OR "chronic multifocal osteomyelitis" OR "chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis" OR "chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (disease)" OR "non-bacterial osteomyelitis"

Interventional trials matched via: both, phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 4 interventional · 3 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Parent-category trials query:

"osteomyelitis"

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase, mesh

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Synonyms dropped by stoplist: CRMO; NBO

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • 2 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus

Ingested 2026-07-27T13:41:03.496Z