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ORPHA:320401

Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 44

low confidenceDisorder

Also known as: SPG44

Query health: suspect — Only one of 2 strategies returned hits (phrase).

Publications

673

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

468

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

GJC2

Strong

Readiness

3/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

spastic paraplegia type 44 (SPG44) is a very rare, complex form of spastic paraplegia characterized by a late-onset, slowly spastic paraplegia associated with mild and dysarthria, upper extremity involvement (i.e. loss of finger dexterity, dysmetria), and mild cognitive impairment, without the presence of nystagmus. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and thin corpus callosum is observed in all cases and psychomotor development is normal or near normal. SPG44 is caused by mutations in the GJC2 gene (1q41-q42) encoding the gap junction gamma-2 protein.

How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (3)

GJC2 autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia · autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in GJC2 · hereditary spastic paraplegia type 44

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

3/6 stages with a signal

No matched interventional trial; the gene is known and literature exists — preclinical or natural-history work may still be the practical next step.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Strong — GJC2

  2. LiteraturePresent

    673 matched papers (493 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    39 HPO annotations (e.g. Pes cavus; Delayed gross motor development; Dysarthria) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialNot found

    No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (GJC2).

GenCC classification: Strong.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

39

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0013179

  • Pes cavus
  • Delayed gross motor development
  • Dysarthria
  • CNS hypomyelination
  • Abnormal auditory evoked potentials

Showing 5 of 39 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

673

673 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

673 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

493 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 68 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

468

Distinct author names in 68 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Abrams CK8 papers · 2025

    Department of Neurology and Physiology & Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. Charles.abrams@downstate.edu

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Freidin MM5 papers · 2025

    Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, United States of America. Electronic address: mfreidin@uic.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Stevanin G5 papers · 2021

    Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Lamantea E3 papers · 2014
    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Scherer SS3 papers · 2014
    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Schüle R3 papers · 2017

    Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Bauer P2 papers · 2022

    Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Blackstone C2 papers · 2018

    Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 2A-201, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: blackstc@ninds.nih.gov.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Boespflug-Tanguy O2 papers · 2014

    Departments of Neurology (PL, CC-D, XA) and Neuroradiology (NMdC), CHU Montpellier; and Neuropédiatrie et Maladies Métaboliques and INSERM U676 (OB-T), National Reference Center for Leukodystrophies, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Dungan GD2 papers · 2025

    Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 44 — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 44" OR "SPG44" OR "GJC2 autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia" OR "autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in GJC2" OR "hereditary spastic paraplegia type 44") OR (MESH:"Spastic Paraplegia 44, Autosomal Recessive") OR ("GJC2" OR "GJC2 syndrome" OR "GJC2-related")

Run this search on Europe PMC

MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: Spastic Paraplegia 44, Autosomal Recessive

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 44" OR "SPG44" OR "GJC2 autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia" OR "autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in GJC2" OR "hereditary spastic paraplegia type 44" OR "Spastic Paraplegia 44, Autosomal Recessive"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: suspect — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (673) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T13:33:35.003Z