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ORPHA:320396

Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 45

low confidenceDisorder

Also known as: Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 65 · SPG45 · SPG65

Publications

1,300

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

316

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

NT5C2

Strong

Readiness

3/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

spastic paraplegia type 45 is a rare, pure or complex form of spastic paraplegia characterized by onset in infancy of lower limb spasticity, abnormal gait, increased deep tendon reflexes and extensor plantar responses, that may be associated with . Additional signs, such as contractures in the lower limbs, amyotrophy, clubfoot and optic atrophy, have also been reported.

How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (5)

NT5C2 autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia · autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in NT5C2 · autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 45 · autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 65 · hereditary spastic paraplegia type 45

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

3/6 stages with a signal

No matched interventional trial; the gene is known and literature exists — preclinical or natural-history work may still be the practical next step.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Strong — NT5C2

  2. LiteraturePresent

    1,300 matched papers (928 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    38 HPO annotations (e.g. Intellectual disability; Flexion contracture of toe; Global developmental delay) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialNot found

    No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (NT5C2).

GenCC classification: Strong.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

38

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0013165

  • Intellectual disability
  • Flexion contracture of toe
  • Global developmental delay
  • Motor delay
  • Hyperreflexia

Showing 5 of 38 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

1,300

1,300 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

1,300 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

928 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 39 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

316

Distinct author names in 39 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Stevanin G4 papers · 2021

    Université Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris VI, Unité Mixte de Recherche S975, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 975, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: giovanni.stevanin@upmc.fr.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Blackstone C2 papers · 2018

    Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 2A-201, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: blackstc@ninds.nih.gov.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Brice A2 papers · 2014

    Université Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris VI, Unité Mixte de Recherche S975, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 975, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, 75013 Paris, France; APHP, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Durr A2 papers · 2014

    Université Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris VI, Unité Mixte de Recherche S975, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 975, 75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, 75013 Paris, France; APHP, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Kumar KR2 papers · 2021

    Departments of Neurology and Neurogenetics Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Royal North Shore Hospital University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Tolun A2 papers · 2014

    Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Abdel Aleem A1 paper · 2017

    Neurogenetics Research program, Neurology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar Foundation- Education City, 24144, Doha, Qatar. aka2005@qatar-med.cornell.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Abdel-Salam GMH1 paper · 2014

    Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo 12311, Egypt.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Abdellateef M1 paper · 2014

    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Acosta Lebrigio RF1 paper · 2014

    Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 45 — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 45" OR "Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 65" OR "SPG45" OR "SPG65" OR "NT5C2 autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia" OR "autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in NT5C2" OR "hereditary spastic paraplegia type 45") OR ("NT5C2" OR "NT5C2 syndrome" OR "NT5C2-related")

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 45" OR "Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 65" OR "SPG45" OR "SPG65" OR "NT5C2 autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia" OR "autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in NT5C2" OR "hereditary spastic paraplegia type 45"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (1300) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T13:33:24.325Z