ORPHA:32
Glutathione synthetase deficiency
Also known as: Pyroglutamicaciduria
Query health: suspect — Only one of 2 strategies returned hits (phrase).
Publications
350
69.2th percentile
Trials
0
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
1,073
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
GSS
Definitive
Readiness
2/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
A rare disorder characterised by hemolytic anemia, associated with and 5-oxoprolinuria in moderate forms, and with neurological symptoms and recurrent bacterial infections in the most severe forms.
How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0017909
- MeSH:C536835
- UMLS:C5979912
- NCIT:C128193
Additional Mondo synonyms (9)
5-oxoprolinuria · GSSD · glutathione synthetase deficiency · inborn error of glutathione synthase activity · inborn glutathione synthase activity disorder · inherited glutathione synthetase deficiency · pyroglutamic aciduria · pyroglutamicaciduria · rare inborn error of glutathione synthase activity
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
2/6 stages with a signal
No matched interventional trial; the gene is known and literature exists — preclinical or natural-history work may still be the practical next step.
- Gene identifiedPresent
Definitive — GSS
- LiteraturePresent
350 matched papers (118 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedNot checked
Not yet enriched from Monarch / HPO
- Animal modelNot checked
Not yet enriched from Monarch / Alliance
- Orphan designationNot checked
FDA/EMA orphan-drug designation not enriched yet
- Interventional trialNot found
No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (GSS).
GenCC classification: Definitive.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
Not enriched in this build — Monarch phenotype joins were not run for this record.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
Not enriched in this build.
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
350
350 papers have ever been published on this condition (under this name). For scale, breast cancer has over 700,000. Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=5449) is 41.
350 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 41 (publications denominator n=5449).
118 in the last 10 years · medium confidence · 69.2th percentile (publications denominator)
Phrase hits: 350 · MeSH hits: 0
Who's working on it?
1,073
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.
- 01Larsson A24 papers · 2009
Department of Pediatrics, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11281 Stockholm, Sweden
Papers in Europe PMC - 02Ristoff E14 papers · 2009
Department of Paediatrics, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03Carlsson K7 papers · 2005Papers in Europe PMC
- 04Njålsson R7 papers · 2005
Department of Clinical Science, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University H-ospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. runa.njalsson@mednut.ki.se
Papers in Europe PMC - 05Mayatepek E6 papers · 2009
Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany. mayatepek@uni-dusseldorf.de
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Norgren S6 papers · 2005Papers in Europe PMC
- 07Board PG4 papers · 2012
John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. philip.board@anu.edu.au
Papers in Europe PMC - 08Hagenfeldt L4 papers · 1991Papers in Europe PMC
- 09Andersson R3 papers · 1985Papers in Europe PMC
- 10Kaabachi N3 papers · 2024
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia.
Papers in Europe PMC
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
0
interventional trials for this specific condition
No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name. 2 observational studies did — shown below because natural-history and cohort work can be an important step toward a trial.
Data as of 27 July 2026
No matched interventional trials. This is true for 73% of diseases in the trials denominator (5114 of 7003). Here are the researchers publishing on it.
medium confidence · 36.5th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.
See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.
Observational and natural-history studies
2 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.
None of the matched observational studies is currently listed as recruiting.
Where to find support
We do not yet link condition-specific patient organisations. These umbrella groups support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families:
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
"Glutathione synthetase deficiency" OR "Pyroglutamicaciduria" OR "5-oxoprolinuria" OR "inherited glutathione synthetase deficiency" OR "pyroglutamic aciduria"
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Glutathione synthetase deficiency" OR "Pyroglutamicaciduria" OR "5-oxoprolinuria" OR "inherited glutathione synthetase deficiency" OR "pyroglutamic aciduria" OR "GSS" OR "inherited glutathione metabolism disease"
Recall-expansion terms: GSS, inherited glutathione metabolism disease
Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 2 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: suspect — strategies attempted: phrase, recall-expansion; with hits: phrase
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Synonyms dropped by stoplist: GSSD; inborn error of glutathione synthase activity; inborn glutathione synthase activity disorder; rare inborn error of glutathione synthase activity
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- 1 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
Ingested 2026-07-26T12:09:55.586Z