ORPHA:32
Glutathione synthetase deficiency
Also known as: Pyroglutamicaciduria
Publications
577
Trials
0
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
1,232
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
GSS
Definitive
Readiness
3/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
A rare disorder characterised by hemolytic anemia, associated with and 5-oxoprolinuria in moderate forms, and with neurological symptoms and recurrent bacterial infections in the most severe forms.
How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0017909
- MeSH:C536835
- UMLS:C5979912
- NCIT:C128193
Additional Mondo synonyms (9)
5-oxoprolinuria · GSSD · glutathione synthetase deficiency · inborn error of glutathione synthase activity · inborn glutathione synthase activity disorder · inherited glutathione synthetase deficiency · pyroglutamic aciduria · pyroglutamicaciduria · rare inborn error of glutathione synthase activity
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
3/6 stages with a signal
No matched interventional trial; the gene is known and literature exists — preclinical or natural-history work may still be the practical next step.
- Gene identifiedPresent
Definitive — GSS
- LiteraturePresent
577 matched papers (226 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedPresent
33 HPO annotations (e.g. Reduced glutathione synthetase level; Seizure; Psychotic mentation) Source
- Animal modelNot found
No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs
- Orphan designationNot found
No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source
- Interventional trialNot found
No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (GSS).
GenCC classification: Definitive.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
33
Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0017909
- Reduced glutathione synthetase level
- Seizure
- Psychotic mentation
- Intellectual disability
- Chronic metabolic acidosis
Showing 5 of 33 — open Monarch for the full list.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.
Monarch fetch 2026-07-29
Therapies
Designations, candidates, and chemicals
FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.
Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)
No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.
Open Targets candidates
No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.
CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)
No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
577
577 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.
577 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).
226 in the last 10 years · low confidence
Phrase hits: 350 · MeSH hits: 0
Who's working on it?
1,232
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.
- 01Larsson A11 papers · 2009
Department of Pediatrics, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11281 Stockholm, Sweden
Papers in Europe PMC - 02Ristoff E7 papers · 2009
Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03Castilla J4 papers · 2026
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) - CIC BioGUNE & IKERBasque, Bizkaia, Spain.
Papers in Europe PMC - 04Mayatepek E4 papers · 2009
Division of Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. ertan_mayatepek@ukl.uni-heidelberg.de
Papers in Europe PMC - 05Njålsson R4 papers · 2005
Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. runa.njalsson@mednut.ki.se
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Charco JM3 papers · 2026
Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain.
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Chiesa R3 papers · 2026
Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: roberto.chiesa@marionegri.it.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08Eraña H3 papers · 2026
Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain.
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Kaabachi N3 papers · 2024
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia.
Papers in Europe PMC - 10
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
0
interventional trials for this specific condition
No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name. 2 observational studies did — shown below because natural-history and cohort work can be an important step toward a trial.
Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026
No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.
low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.
See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.
Observational and natural-history studies
2 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.
None of the matched observational studies is currently listed as recruiting.
Other registries (secondary)
Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.
raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29
Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri
No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).
Where to find support
Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.
Orphanet entry for Glutathione synthetase deficiency — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
("Glutathione synthetase deficiency" OR "Pyroglutamicaciduria" OR "5-oxoprolinuria" OR "inherited glutathione synthetase deficiency" OR "pyroglutamic aciduria") OR ("GSS syndrome" OR "GSS-related")ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Glutathione synthetase deficiency" OR "Pyroglutamicaciduria" OR "5-oxoprolinuria" OR "inherited glutathione synthetase deficiency" OR "pyroglutamic aciduria"
Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 2 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Synonyms dropped by stoplist: GSSD; inborn error of glutathione synthase activity; inborn glutathione synthase activity disorder; rare inborn error of glutathione synthase activity
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- 1 synonym(s) dropped by stoplist (may under-count)
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
- Publication count (577) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity
Ingested 2026-07-26T12:09:55.586Z