ORPHA:3077
X-linked intellectual disability-psychosis-macroorchidism syndrome
Also known as: Lindsay-Burn syndrome · PPM-X
Publications
548
Trials
0
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
1,288
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
—
Readiness
2/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
An X-linked syndromic characterized by , variable degree of , speech delay or absent speech, pyramidal signs, tremor, macroorchidism and variable mood and behavior problems, including psychosis and autistic-like behavior. Males are predominantly affected, some females show lower cognitive abilities.
How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0010235
- OMIM:300055
- UMLS:C0796222
Additional Mondo synonyms (10)
MRXS13 · X-linked intellectual disability 79 · X-linked intellectual disability with spasticity · intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic 13, X-linked recessive · intellectual disability with psychosis, pyramidal signs, and macroorchidism · intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic 13 · intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic type 13 · mental retardation with psychosis, pyramidal signs, and macroorchidism · mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 13 · mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic type 13
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
2/6 stages with a signal
Research-stage checklist from open sources (GenCC, literature, Monarch when enriched, ClinicalTrials.gov). Not a prognosis or care recommendation.
- Gene identifiedNot found
No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build
- LiteraturePresent
548 matched papers (283 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedPresent
86 HPO annotations (e.g. Anorexia; Bipolar affective disorder; Severe intellectual disability) Source
- Animal modelNot found
No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs
- Orphan designationNot found
No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source
- Interventional trialNot found
No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.
No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
86
Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0010235
- Anorexia
- Bipolar affective disorder
- Severe intellectual disability
- Broad-based gait
- Macroorchidism
Showing 5 of 86 — open Monarch for the full list.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.
Monarch fetch 2026-07-29
Therapies
Designations, candidates, and chemicals
FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.
Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)
No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.
Open Targets candidates
No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.
CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)
No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
548
548 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.
548 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).
283 in the last 10 years · low confidence
Phrase hits: 548 · MeSH hits: 0
Who's working on it?
1,288
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.
- 01Soares RP6 papers · 2022
Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Papers in Europe PMC - 02Liu Y4 papers · 2024
Calibr at Scripps Research Institute, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03Nogueira PM4 papers · 2022
Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Papers in Europe PMC - 04Xu X4 papers · 2023
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 05Zhang J4 papers · 2024
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Ai L3 papers · 2024
College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China. linai@bnu.edu.cn zhangjiaxin@bnu.edu.cn.
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Braunschweig H3 papers · 2025
Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . Email: h.braunschweig@uni-wuerzburg.de.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08da Silva Júnior EN3 papers · 2018
Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: eufranio@ufmg.br.
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Li R3 papers · 2025
Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 10Li Y3 papers · 2021
Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, China.
Papers in Europe PMC
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
0
interventional trials for this specific condition
No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).
Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026
No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.
low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.
See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.
Other registries (secondary)
Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.
raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29
Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri
No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).
Where to find support
Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.
Orphanet entry for X-linked intellectual disability-psychosis-macroorchidism syndrome — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
"X-linked intellectual disability-psychosis-macroorchidism syndrome" OR "Lindsay-Burn syndrome" OR "PPM-X" OR "MRXS13" OR "X-linked intellectual disability 79" OR "X-linked intellectual disability with spasticity" OR "intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic 13, X-linked recessive" OR "intellectual disability with psychosis, pyramidal signs, and macroorchidism" OR "intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic 13" OR "intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic type 13" OR "mental retardation with psychosis, pyramidal signs, and macroorchidism" OR "mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 13" OR "mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic type 13"
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"X-linked intellectual disability-psychosis-macroorchidism syndrome" OR "Lindsay-Burn syndrome" OR "PPM-X" OR "MRXS13" OR "X-linked intellectual disability 79" OR "X-linked intellectual disability with spasticity" OR "intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic 13, X-linked recessive" OR "intellectual disability with psychosis, pyramidal signs, and macroorchidism" OR "intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic 13" OR "intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic type 13" OR "mental retardation with psychosis, pyramidal signs, and macroorchidism" OR "mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 13" OR "mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic type 13"
Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- No synonyms dropped by stoplist
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
- Publication count (548) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity
Ingested 2026-07-26T22:09:19.280Z