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ORPHA:247585

Citrullinemia type II

high confidenceDisorder

Also known as: Adult-onset citrin deficiency · Adult-onset citrullinemia type 2 · Adult-onset citrullinemia type II · CTLN2 · Citrullinemia type 2

Publications

769

88.8th percentile

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,261

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

2/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

A severe subtype of citrin deficiency characterized clinically by adult onset (20 and 50 years of age), recurrent episodes of and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms such as nocturnal delirium, confusion, restlessness, disorientation, drowsiness, memory loss, abnormal behavior (aggression, irritability, and hyperactivity), , and coma.

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (5)

adult-onset citrin deficiency · adult-onset type 2 citrullinemia · adult-onset type II citrullinemia · citrullinemia type 2 · citrullinemia type II

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

2/6 stages with a signal

No specific-condition interventional trial, but broader-category trials exist — discuss eligibility with a clinician.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    769 matched papers (428 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedNot checked

    Not yet enriched from Monarch / HPO

  4. Animal modelNot checked

    Not yet enriched from Monarch / Alliance

  5. Orphan designationNot checked

    FDA/EMA orphan-drug designation not enriched yet

  6. Interventional trialPartial

    None under the specific name; 3 for broader category citrullinemia

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

Not enriched in this build — Monarch phenotype joins were not run for this record.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

Not enriched in this build.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

769

769 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=5449) is 41.

769 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 41 (publications denominator n=5449).

428 in the last 10 years · high confidence · 88.8th percentile (publications denominator)

Phrase hits: 769 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,261

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Saheki T19 papers · 2023

    Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan. takesah@gmail.com.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Kobayashi K12 papers · 2017

    Department of Molecular Metabolism and Biochemical Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan. dodoko12@m.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Numakura C12 papers · 2026

    Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Song YZ12 papers · 2024

    Department of Molecular Metabolism and Biochemical Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Yazaki M12 papers · 2025

    Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Inui A11 papers · 2025

    Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Häberle J10 papers · 2026

    University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Centre, Zurich, Switzerland.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Hayasaka K10 papers · 2024

    Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan, hayasaka@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Deng M6 papers · 2024

    Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Kido J6 papers · 2026

    Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name. 1 observational study did — shown below because natural-history and cohort work can be an important step toward a trial. 3 trials are registered for citrullinemia, the broader category — shown separately because they may or may not enrol this specific subtype.

Data as of 27 July 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 73% of diseases in the trials denominator (5114 of 7003). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

high confidence · 36.5th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

3 interventional trials matched citrullinemia, the broader category — listed below. Those studies are not counted in the condition-specific total.

Broader category: citrullinemia

3

Interventional trials for the parent category, exclusive of NCT IDs already counted above. Eligibility for this subtype is not guaranteed.

Worth raising with a clinician. How we count trials.

Observational and natural-history studies

1 observational study matches this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

None of the matched observational studies is currently listed as recruiting.

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Where to find support

We do not yet link condition-specific patient organisations. These umbrella groups support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families:

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

Likely covered — the policy lists Urea cycle disorder as a category (Groups 1 and 2), and this condition is a form of it. Confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence.

Group 1 — one-time curative treatment

Up to ₹50 lakh per patient

Financial support for treatment at notified Centres of Excellence (figures evolved from the original ₹20 lakh Group-1 ceiling).

Policy figures change. Verify current MoHFW / CoE guidance before relying on any amount. Verify

Group 2 — long-term / lifelong lower-cost interventions

NPRD envisages State Government support for dietary formulae, hormones, and other lower-cost interventions. This is a different route from the central CoE ₹50 lakh pathway; ask your state health department and a CoE which channel applies.

Central CoE funding may also apply depending on current rules — confirm with a notified Centre of Excellence. Do not assume the ₹50 lakh ceiling covers Group 2 by default. Verify

Centres of Excellence (15)
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) — New Delhi, Delhi
  • Maulana Azad Medical College — New Delhi, Delhi
  • Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences — Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
  • Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) — Chandigarh, Chandigarh
  • Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics with Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences — Hyderabad, Telangana
  • King Edward Memorial Hospital — Mumbai, Maharashtra
  • Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER) — Kolkata, West Bengal
  • Centre for Human Genetics with Indira Gandhi Hospital — Bengaluru, Karnataka
  • Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children (ICH & HC) — Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) — Jodhpur, Rajasthan
  • Sree Avittam Thirunal Hospital (SAT), Government Medical College — Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) — Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
  • Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) — Imphal, Manipur
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) — Patna, Bihar
  • Assam Medical College & Hospital — Dibrugarh, Assam

Voluntary contributions / crowdfunding (separate from CoE funding): https://rarediseases.mohfw.gov.in/

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Citrullinemia type II" OR "Adult-onset citrin deficiency" OR "Adult-onset citrullinemia type 2" OR "Adult-onset citrullinemia type II" OR "CTLN2" OR "Citrullinemia type 2" OR "adult-onset type 2 citrullinemia" OR "adult-onset type II citrullinemia"

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Citrullinemia type II" OR "Adult-onset citrin deficiency" OR "Adult-onset citrullinemia type 2" OR "Adult-onset citrullinemia type II" OR "CTLN2" OR "Citrullinemia type 2" OR "adult-onset type 2 citrullinemia" OR "adult-onset type II citrullinemia"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 1 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Parent-category trials query:

"citrullinemia"

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus

Ingested 2026-07-27T10:32:45.189Z