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ORPHA:228123

Coccidioidomycosis

low confidenceDisorder

Also known as: Desert rheumatism · San Joaquin valley fever · Valley fever · California disease · Coccidioides infection · Desert fever

Publications

21,499

Trials

20

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

958

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

—

Readiness

4/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, which is endemic to the Southwestern United States, Central America, South America and Mexico, and is acquired by inhalation of the infective arthroconidia, often found in soil. In most cases it is a benign, self-limiting febrile illness, but in a minority of cases it can become a potentially lethal infection of the lungs and, extremely rarely, spread to other organs (through hematogenous dissemination) with manifestations including meningitis, osteomyelitis, and skin and soft-tissue involvement.

How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (5)

Coccidioides immitis caused disease or disorder · Coccidioides immitis disease or disorder · Coccidioides immitis infectious disease · desert fever · desert rheumatism

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

4/6 stages with a signal

An interventional trial matched this condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov — see trials below.

  1. Gene identifiedNot found

    No GenCC disease–gene assertion in this build

  2. LiteraturePresent

    21,499 matched papers (10,728 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    76 HPO annotations (e.g. Fever; Pneumonia; Immunodeficiency) Source

  4. Animal modelNot found

    No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs

  5. Orphan designationPresent

    4 FDA designations (4 FDA orphan-indication approvals) — e.g. itraconazole Source

  6. Interventional trialPresent

    20 matched on ClinicalTrials.gov (2 recruiting in sample)

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.

No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

76

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0005706

  • Fever
  • Pneumonia
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Increased circulating IgG concentration
  • Increased circulating IgM concentration

Showing 5 of 76 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

4

Designations · 4 with FDA orphan-indication approval

  • FDA itraconazoleCoccidioidomycosis · 2020-11-17 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA olorofimCoccidioidomycosis · 2020-03-11 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA Nikkomycin ZCoccidioidomycosis · 2006-02-14 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication
  • FDA Amphotericin B lipid complexCoccidioidomycosis · 1996-05-06 · Not FDA Approved for Orphan Indication

Sources: FDA OOPD · EMA orphan designations

Open Targets candidates

6

Drugs / clinical candidates · MONDO_0005706

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

5 associated chemicals. Therapeutic evidence is listed first when present — not a treatment recommendation.

  • Amphotericin B · therapeutic
  • Itraconazole · therapeutic
  • Miconazole · therapeutic
  • posaconazole · therapeutic
  • Dust · marker/mechanism

MyDisease.info · MONDO:0005706

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

21,499

21,499 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

21,499 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

10,728 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 21,499 · MeSH hits: 266

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

958

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.

  1. 01
    Thompson GR 3rd17 papers · 2026

    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Galgiani JN10 papers · 2026

    Valley Fever Center for Excellence, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Barker BM9 papers · 2026

    The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA. bridget.barker@nau.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Johnson RH9 papers · 2026

    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Donovan FM8 papers · 2026

    Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Hoyer KK7 papers · 2026

    Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Hung CY7 papers · 2026

    Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Butte MJ6 papers · 2026

    Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Head JR6 papers · 2026

    University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Loots GG6 papers · 2025

    Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

20

interventional trials for this specific condition

20 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 2 currently recruiting in our sample.

Data as of 11 September 2026

20 interventional trials — more than 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (5501 of 7126; this disease is at the 94.8th percentile).

low confidence · 94.8th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

20 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.

Observational and natural-history studies

7 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 6 · after dedupe 6 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 6 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Uncertain / not reviewed (6)

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Coccidioidomycosis — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

"Coccidioidomycosis" OR "Desert rheumatism" OR "San Joaquin valley fever" OR "Valley fever" OR "California disease" OR "Coccidioides infection" OR "Desert fever" OR "Coccidioides immitis infectious disease"

Run this search on Europe PMC

MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: Coccidioidomycosis

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Coccidioidomycosis" OR "Desert rheumatism" OR "San Joaquin valley fever" OR "Valley fever" OR "California disease" OR "Coccidioides infection" OR "Desert fever" OR "Coccidioides immitis infectious disease"

Interventional trials matched via: both, phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).

Study-type breakdown: 20 interventional · 7 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase, mesh

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Synonyms dropped by stoplist: Coccidioides immitis caused disease or disorder; Coccidioides immitis disease or disorder

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is short or not clearly distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (21499) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-27T10:02:40.461Z