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ORPHA:207

Crouzon syndrome

medium confidenceDisorder

Also known as: Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis

Publications

4,525

88.7th percentile

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

886

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

FGFR2

Definitive

Readiness

4/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

Crouzon disease is characterized by craniosynostosis and facial hypoplasia.

How rare: 1-9 / 1 000 000 — roughly one to nine people per million. In a city the size of Kolkata, perhaps a few dozen.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (1)

craniofacial dysostosis

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

4/6 stages with a signal

No matched interventional trial, but a gene association and an animal model are on record — often described as translation-ready / stalled at the clinical step.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Definitive — FGFR2

  2. LiteraturePresent

    4,525 matched papers (1,289 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    63 HPO annotations (e.g. Strabismus; Seizure; Atresia of the external auditory canal) Source

  4. Animal modelPresent

    6 genotype models (Mus musculus) Source

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialNot found

    No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (FGFR2).

GenCC classification: Definitive.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

63

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0007405

  • Strabismus
  • Seizure
  • Atresia of the external auditory canal
  • Midface retrusion
  • Sleep apnea

Showing 5 of 63 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

6

Model associations linked to this Mondo ID

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

1 associated chemical · 89 pathways. Therapeutic evidence is listed first when present — not a treatment recommendation.

  • Mycophenolic Acid · marker/mechanism

Pathways: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance; MAPK signaling pathway; Ras signaling pathway; Rap1 signaling pathway; Endocytosis; PI3K-Akt signaling pathway; Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells; Regulation of actin cytoskeleton

MyDisease.info · MONDO:0007405

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

4,525

4,525 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

4,525 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

1,289 in the last 10 years · medium confidence · 88.7th percentile (publications denominator)

Phrase hits: 4,525 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

886

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Alonso N12 papers · 2022

    Department of Plastic Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: nivalonso@gmail.com.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Lu X12 papers · 2022

    Center of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China. lukeluxf@163.com.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Alperovich M11 papers · 2022

    Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: michael.alperovich@yale.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Persing JA10 papers · 2022

    Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: john.persing@yale.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Forte AJ9 papers · 2022

    Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA. Electronic address: ajvforte@yahoo.com.br.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Steinbacher DM9 papers · 2021

    Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: derek.steinbacher@yale.edu.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Khonsari RH8 papers · 2026

    Craniofacial Growth and Form Lab, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Paternoster G8 papers · 2026

    Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Mathijssen IMJ5 papers · 2026

    Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Wang Y5 papers · 2026

    Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, China.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name. 1 observational study did — shown below because natural-history and cohort work can be an important step toward a trial.

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

medium confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.

Observational and natural-history studies

1 observational study matches this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.

Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting

Open the complete matched search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 1 · after dedupe 1 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 1 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Uncertain / not reviewed (1)

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Crouzon syndrome — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Crouzon syndrome" OR "Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis" OR "craniofacial dysostosis")

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Crouzon syndrome" OR "Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis" OR "craniofacial dysostosis"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 1 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is short or not clearly distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus

Ingested 2026-07-26T12:54:16.831Z