ORPHA:137888
Auriculocondylar syndrome
Also known as: Question mark ear syndrome
Publications
47,127
Trials
0
Interventional, condition-specific
Researchers
1,045
Distinct authors in sample
Gene link
EDN1, HDAC9
Limited
Readiness
3/6
Stages with a signal
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
A rare, genetic dysostosis with predominant craniofacial involvement characterized by bilateral external ear malformations, mandibular condyle hypoplasia, microstomia, micrognathia, microglossia and facial asymmetry. Additional manifestations include , ptosis, cleft palate, full cheeks, , hearing impairment and respiratory distress. Significant intra- and interfamilial phenotypic variation has been reported.
How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.
Cross-references
Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.
- MONDO:0000107
- MeSH:C538270
- UMLS:C1865295
Additional Mondo synonyms (2)
auriculo-condylar syndrome · question mark ear syndrome
Research stages
Trial readiness signals
Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”
3/6 stages with a signal
No matched interventional trial; the gene is known and literature exists — preclinical or natural-history work may still be the practical next step.
- Gene identifiedPresent
Limited — EDN1, HDAC9
- LiteraturePresent
47,127 matched papers (21,114 in last 10 years) Source
- Phenotype characterisedPresent
137 HPO annotations (e.g. Bifid uvula; Glossoptosis; Question mark ear) Source
- Animal modelNot found
No Alliance genotype “model of” associations via Monarch for these Mondo IDs
- Orphan designationNot found
No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source
- Interventional trialNot found
No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules
Biology
Genes and phenotypes
Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.
Do we know what causes it?
Possibly — only limited evidence so far for EDN1, HDAC9.
GenCC classification: Limited.
Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)
137
Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0000107
- Bifid uvula
- Glossoptosis
- Question mark ear
- Laryngeal cleft
- Micrognathia
Showing 5 of 137 — open Monarch for the full list.
Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)
None returned for this Mondo ID. Empty here is not proof that no model organism work exists under another name or gene.
Monarch fetch 2026-07-29
Therapies
Designations, candidates, and chemicals
FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.
Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)
No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.
Open Targets candidates
No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.
CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)
No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.
Literature
Is anyone studying this?
47,127
47,127 papers — among the better-studied rare conditions, though still a fraction of common-disease literature (breast cancer: over 700,000). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.
47,127 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).
21,114 in the last 10 years · low confidence
Phrase hits: 162 · MeSH hits: 2
Who's working on it?
1,045
Distinct author names in 162 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.
- 01Amiel J13 papers · 2023
INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris 75015, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris 75015, France; Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France. Electronic address: jeanne.amiel@inserm.fr.
Papers in Europe PMC - 02Gordon CT13 papers · 2023
INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris 75015, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris 75015, France. Electronic address: chris.gordon@inserm.fr.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03Guion-Almeida ML9 papers · 2017
Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-900, Brazil.
Papers in Europe PMC - 04Lyonnet S9 papers · 2018
INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris 75015, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris 75015, France; Service de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.
Papers in Europe PMC - 05Passos-Bueno MR9 papers · 2022
Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Papers in Europe PMC - 06Clouthier DE8 papers · 2025
Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Cunningham ML8 papers · 2026
Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Papers in Europe PMC - 08Kokitsu-Nakata NM8 papers · 2022
Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRCA-USP), Bauru, Brazil.
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Zechi-Ceide RM8 papers · 2017
Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-900, Brazil.
Papers in Europe PMC - 10Zhang Y7 papers · 2025
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Papers in Europe PMC
Clinical research
Is a treatment being tested?
0
interventional trials for this specific condition
No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).
Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026
No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.
low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)
Recruiting interventional trials
From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.
See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.
Other registries (secondary)
Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.
raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-30
Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri
No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).
Where to find support
Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.
Orphanet entry for Auriculocondylar syndrome — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.
("Auriculocondylar syndrome" OR "Question mark ear syndrome" OR "auriculo-condylar syndrome") OR (MESH:"Auriculo-condylar syndrome") OR ("EDN1" OR "EDN1 syndrome" OR "EDN1-related" OR "HDAC9" OR "HDAC9 syndrome" OR "HDAC9-related")MeSH descriptor terms unioned into the query: Auriculo-condylar syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Auriculocondylar syndrome" OR "Question mark ear syndrome" OR "auriculo-condylar syndrome"
Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase, mesh; with hits: phrase, mesh
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is short or not clearly distinctive
- No synonyms dropped by stoplist
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
- Publication count (47127) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity
Ingested 2026-07-27T07:31:14.024Z