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ORPHA:1186

Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia

low confidenceDisorder

Also known as: IOSCA · Ohaha syndrome · Ophthalmoplegia-hypotonia-ataxia-hypoacusis-athetosis syndrome

Publications

909

Trials

0

Interventional, condition-specific

Researchers

1,068

Distinct authors in sample

Gene link

TWNK

Strong

Readiness

4/6

Stages with a signal

Clinical definition (Orphanet)

-onset spinocerebellar (IOSCA) is a neurological disorder with early and severe involvement of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. It has only been described in Finnish families.

How rare: <1 / 1 000 000 — fewer than one in a million. In a city the size of Kolkata, that might mean on the order of fifteen people.

Orphanet entry

Cross-references

Joined from Mondo / Orphanet. MeSH labels may enter searches; UMLS / OMIM / NCIT are stored for reference.

Additional Mondo synonyms (6)

OHAHA syndrome · TWNK autosomal recessive degenerative and progressive cerebellar ataxia · autosomal recessive degenerative and progressive cerebellar ataxia caused by mutation in TWNK · mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 7 (hepatocerebral type) · mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome type 7 · ophthalmoplegia-hypotonia-ataxia-hypoacusis-athetosis syndrome

Research stages

Trial readiness signals

Where this condition sits on an open-data research pipeline — not how close a treatment is, and not medical advice. Empty stages often mean “not in these databases under this Mondo ID,” not “impossible.”

4/6 stages with a signal

No matched interventional trial, but a gene association and an animal model are on record — often described as translation-ready / stalled at the clinical step.

  1. Gene identifiedPresent

    Strong — TWNK

  2. LiteraturePresent

    909 matched papers (660 in last 10 years) Source

  3. Phenotype characterisedPresent

    44 HPO annotations (e.g. Hearing impairment; Ophthalmoplegia; Muscle weakness) Source

  4. Animal modelPresent

    1 genotype model (Mus musculus) Source

  5. Orphan designationNot found

    No FDA or EMA orphan-drug designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name Source

  6. Interventional trialNot found

    No matched interventional trial under our ClinicalTrials.gov rules

Biology

Genes and phenotypes

Gene–disease validity from GenCC, plus phenotypes and animal models joined from Monarch Initiative via Mondo ID — not a clinical diagnosis aid.

Do we know what causes it?

Yes — we know a specific gene responsible (TWNK).

GenCC classification: Strong.

Phenotypes (Monarch / HPO)

44

Associated phenotypes · MONDO:0010060

  • Hearing impairment
  • Ophthalmoplegia
  • Muscle weakness
  • Dysphagia
  • Status epilepticus

Showing 5 of 44 — open Monarch for the full list.

Animal models (Monarch / Alliance)

1

Model associations linked to this Mondo ID

Monarch fetch 2026-07-29

Therapies

Designations, candidates, and chemicals

FDA OOPD and EMA orphan designations, Open Targets clinical candidates, and CTD chemical associations via MyDisease.info. These never change the interventional-trial headline.

Orphan designation (FDA · EMA)

No designation matched this disease via UMLS or preferred name on the FDA OOPD mirror or EMA orphan register. Absence here is not proof that none exists under another wording.

Open Targets candidates

No drugs or clinical candidates returned for this Mondo ID on Open Targets.

CTD chemicals (MyDisease.info)

No CTD chemical associations returned for this Mondo ID.

Literature

Is anyone studying this?

909

909 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=3967) is 59.

909 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 59 (publications denominator n=3967).

660 in the last 10 years · low confidence

Phrase hits: 284 · MeSH hits: 0

Open Europe PMC search

Who's working on it?

1,068

Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.

Who's working on it?

No interventional trial matched this name; these authors publish on it in the sampled literature — a practical starting point for contact.

  1. 01
    Suomalainen A15 papers · 2024

    Department of Child Neurology (E.I., P.I., T.L.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine (E.I., P.I., M.P., S.O., V.B., E.P., A.S.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (P.L.), Neuroscience Center (A.S.), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Genetics Research Centre (C.J.C.), Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  2. 02
    Lönnqvist T12 papers · 2020

    Department of Child Neurology (E.I., P.I., T.L.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine (E.I., P.I., M.P., S.O., V.B., E.P., A.S.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) (P.L.), Neuroscience Center (A.S.), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Genetics Research Centre (C.J.C.), Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, United Kingdom.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  3. 03
    Giansanti D10 papers · 2026

    Centro TISP, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  4. 04
    Iosca N10 papers · 2026

    Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  5. 05
    Lastrucci A10 papers · 2026

    Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  6. 06
    Paetau A9 papers · 2024

    Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  7. 07
    Ricci R9 papers · 2026

    Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  8. 08
    Wandael Y9 papers · 2026

    Department of Allied Health Professions, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  9. 09
    Livi L7 papers · 2026

    Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.

    Papers in Europe PMC
  10. 10
    Nikali K7 papers · 2005

    Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.

    Papers in Europe PMC

Clinical research

Is a treatment being tested?

0

interventional trials for this specific condition

No interventional trial testing a treatment matched this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov (observational studies and pan-disease registries are listed separately when present).

Data as of 11 September 2026 · last trial check 11 September 2026

No matched interventional trials. This is true for 77.2% of diseases in the trials denominator (5501 of 7126). Here are the researchers publishing on it.

low confidence · 38.6th percentile (trials denominator)

Recruiting interventional trials

From the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set

No interventional trial testing a treatment was found for this specific condition name on ClinicalTrials.gov.

See who's working on it — people publishing on this disease are often the practical next contact when no trial is listed.

Other registries (secondary)

Broader net from EU CTIS, ISRCTN, and ICTRP when available — deduped against ClinicalTrials.gov IDs already counted above. Dual-model LLM relevance gates what we keep. These rows are not added to the interventional headline.

raw 0 · after dedupe 0 · already on CT.gov 0 · kept 0 · parent 0 · uncertain 0 · dropped 0 · fetched 2026-07-29

Source notes: ictrp: Error: ICTRP public search unavailable (WHO portal is SPA-only; SOAP needs partnership). Tried: https://apps.who.int/tri

No secondary-registry studies passed dual-model relevance for this condition name (after dedupe).

Where to find support

Condition-specific patient organisations, when Orphanet lists them, are on the disease’s Orphanet page. We also link umbrella groups that support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families.

Orphanet entry for Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia — check Associations / patient organisations on that page.

India — NPRD

Last verified 2026-07-26

This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.

Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.

How we counted this

Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored on the overview but are not added to the query string.

("Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia" OR "IOSCA" OR "Ohaha syndrome" OR "Ophthalmoplegia-hypotonia-ataxia-hypoacusis-athetosis syndrome" OR "TWNK autosomal recessive degenerative and progressive cerebellar ataxia" OR "autosomal recessive degenerative and progressive cerebellar ataxia caused by mutation in TWNK" OR "mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 7 (hepatocerebral type)" OR "mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome type 7") OR ("TWNK" OR "TWNK syndrome" OR "TWNK-related")

Run this search on Europe PMC

ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):

"Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia" OR "IOSCA" OR "Ohaha syndrome" OR "Ophthalmoplegia-hypotonia-ataxia-hypoacusis-athetosis syndrome" OR "TWNK autosomal recessive degenerative and progressive cerebellar ataxia" OR "autosomal recessive degenerative and progressive cerebellar ataxia caused by mutation in TWNK" OR "mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 7 (hepatocerebral type)" OR "mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome type 7"

Study-type breakdown: 0 interventional · 0 observational · 0 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.

Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase; with hits: phrase

Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov

Confidence reasoning

  • Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
  • No synonyms dropped by stoplist
  • No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
  • Publication count (909) is implausibly high for prevalence class "<1 / 1 000 000" — treat as possible over-matching, not a measure of research intensity

Ingested 2026-07-26T16:37:28.610Z