ORPHA:100020
Myelodysplastic neoplasm with increased blasts type 2
Also known as: MDS-IB2 · RAEB-2 · Refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2
Clinical definition (Orphanet)
A very severe type of RAEB characterized by cytopenias and the following hematological parameters: uni- or multilineage , 10% to 19% blasts in bone marrow or 5% to 19% in peripheral blood, variable presence of Auer rods (abnormal, needle-shaped or round inclusions in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts and promyelocytes). Median survival has been reported to be 18 months.
How rare: How common this is has not been clearly measured.
Is anyone studying this?
1,433
1,433 papers have been published on this condition. That is a real research literature — still far smaller than common diseases (breast cancer: over 700,000 papers). Median papers in the last 10 years for a rare disease in this dataset (publications denominator n=183) is 38.
1,433 papers since the earliest indexed year in this search — median last-10-year count for a rare disease in this dataset is 38 (publications denominator n=183).
841 in the last 10 years · low confidence
Is a treatment being tested?
1,238
trials for this specific condition
1,238 interventional trials matched this specific condition name; 171 currently recruiting in our sample.
Data as of 26 July 2026
1,238 interventional trials — more than 59.2% of diseases in the trials denominator have none at all (151 of 255; this disease is at the 99.8th percentile).
low confidence · 99.8th percentile (trials denominator)
Do we know what causes it?
Not yet — the cause hasn't been pinned down in GenCC.
No strong gene–disease assertion joined for this Orphanet entity.
Who's working on it?
1,864
Distinct author names in 200 sampled papers — named people below.
Who's working on it?
People publishing on this condition (sampled Europe PMC records). Affiliation is the most recent found in that sample.
- 01Zhang Y14 papers · 2026
Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 02Wang Y12 papers · 2026
Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 03
- 04Liu Y7 papers · 2026
Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 05
- 06Park S6 papers · 2026
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, IAB, Grenoble, France.
Papers in Europe PMC - 07Wang H6 papers · 2025
Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , ,
Papers in Europe PMC - 08Chen Y5 papers · 2026
Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Papers in Europe PMC - 09Germing U5 papers · 2026
Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Clinic, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Papers in Europe PMC - 10
Recruiting interventional trials
Trials testing a treatment from the matched ClinicalTrials.gov set
1,238 interventional trials matched after quoted-phrase search and title/condition post-filter.
- NCT00801489·Fludarabine Phosphate, Cytarabine, Filgrastim-sndz, Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin, and Idarubicin Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- NCT02727803·Personalized NK Cell Therapy in CBT
- NCT05549661·Onvansertib for the Treatment of Recurrent or Refractory Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome/MPN Overlap Neoplasms
- NCT06013423·Cord Blood Transplant, Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine, and Total-Body Irradiation in Treating Patients With High-Risk Hematologic Diseases
- NCT07025824·Evaluation of Treosulfan Versus Melphalan Conditioning Followed by PTCy in Patients With AML and MDS Undergoing Allogeneic Transplantation
- NCT04869683·Biocollection in MyeloDysplastic Syndrome (P-MDS)
- NCT07710781·Study to Characterize Mismatched to Fully HLA-Matched Ossium HPC, Marrow and Living Donor Transplantation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
- NCT06641414·Lisaftoclax (APG-2575) Combined With Azacytidine (AZA) in the Treatment of Patients With Higher-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (GLORA-4).
- NCT03970096·Graft Versus Host Disease-Reduction Strategies for Donor Blood Stem Cell Transplant Patients With Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
- NCT03383575·Azacitidine and Enasidenib in Treating Patients With IDH2-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- NCT03173937·Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia and Hypo-plastic MDS Using CordIn(TM), Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Ex Vivo Expanded Stem and Progenitor Cells to Expedite Engraftment and Improve Transplant Outcome
- NCT06399640·Eltanexor and Venetoclax in Relapsed or Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- NCT07347418·CD64 CAR T Cell Therapy in Adults With Relapsed and/or Refractory AML
- NCT07607418·Ivosidenib as Maintenance Therapy in Transplant-Ineligible IDH1-mutated AML and HR-MDS
- NCT03874052·Ruxolitinib in Combination With Venetoclax With and Without Azacitidine in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Observational and natural-history studies
141 observational studies match this condition. These do not test a treatment and are not counted in the interventional-trial headline, but they are genuine research: natural-history work often defines the endpoints needed for a future rare-disease trial, and families may be able to enroll.
Recruiting or not-yet-recruiting
- NCT05054413·Formulating Expert Consensus Guidelines in Cancer Care Using the Delphi Method
- NCT05108519·Complications and Clinical Response in Cancer Patients Treated With Anti-VEGF-Related Therapies
- NCT06681363·Creation of a Biocollection of Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) or High-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Monitored at the Nantes University Hospital
- NCT07511829·WearAble Technology for Collecting Health Data in People Who Are the Transfused (WATCH Transfused) - A UK Exploratory Study to Improve Quality of Life and the Efficacy of Transfusion Supportive Care in People With Blood Cancers Undergoing Treatment
- NCT07249476·Study of NK Cells in the Monitoring of Patients With Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplasia
- NCT06764511·Evaluation of Response to Biosimilar Erythropoietin Alfa Therapy in Anemic Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- NCT07182760·Ultrasound to Detect Splenomegally in Patients With Isolated Thrombocytopenia
- NCT00991094·Data Collection for the Assessment of Acute and Late Normal Tissue in Patients Treated With Proton Therapy
- NCT05334069·Collecting Blood Samples From Patients With and Without Cancer to Evaluate Tests for Early Cancer Detection
- NCT06906380·A Long-term Follow-up Study of Patients With ARD103 CAR-T Cell Therapies
- NCT07561385·Dresden MDS Registry With an Accompanying Biomaterial Collection
- NCT06569095·Predictive Value of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Stem Cells Determined by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry
- NCT04888338·Outcomes After Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy and Radiation Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies
- NCT04551378·The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors
- NCT05112614·Role of Gut Microbiome in Cancer Therapy
Where to find support
We do not yet link condition-specific patient organisations. These umbrella groups support undiagnosed and ultra-rare families:
India — NPRD
Last verified 2026-07-26This ORPHAcode is not on our curated NPRD list (direct or Mondo-parent match). That does not decide clinical eligibility; families in India should ask a notified Centre of Excellence about current coverage.
Hand-curated for this project. ORPHAcode mappings are best-effort and may be incomplete or imprecise for umbrella categories. Parent (Mondo) matches mean the policy lists a broader category — confirm eligibility with a Centre of Excellence. Financial entitlements summarised from public policy statements and may change. This is not official government guidance.
How we counted this
Europe PMC query (preferred label + any corrected label + Orphanet and Mondo exact synonyms, stoplisted; unioned with resolved MeSH labels when available). UMLS / OMIM / NCIT cross-references are stored below but are not added to the query string.
"Myelodysplastic neoplasm with increased blasts type 2" OR "MDS-IB2" OR "RAEB-2" OR "Refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2" OR "MDS-EB-2" OR "RAEB-II" OR "myelodysplastic syndrome with Excess blasts-2"
ClinicalTrials.gov query (quoted phrases + MeSH via query.cond, plus recall-expansion terms when used):
"Myelodysplastic neoplasm with increased blasts type 2" OR "MDS-IB2" OR "RAEB-2" OR "Refractory anemia with excess blasts type 2" OR "MDS-EB-2" OR "RAEB-II" OR "myelodysplastic syndrome with Excess blasts-2" OR "myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts" OR "myelodysplastic syndrome" OR "hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm"
Interventional trials matched via: phrase (mesh = registered under a MeSH descriptor no name phrase would catch; recall-expansion = gene / selected parent terms used only for trials).
Study-type breakdown: 1238 interventional · 141 observational · 5 expanded access. Only interventional studies enter the trial headline.
Cross-references (from Mondo): UMLS:C4704767 NCIT:C7168
Query health: ok — strategies attempted: phrase, recall-expansion; with hits: phrase, recall-expansion
Run this search on ClinicalTrials.gov
Confidence reasoning
- Preferred label is multi-word and distinctive
- No synonyms dropped by stoplist
- No label/synonym collisions with other diseases in this corpus
- Publication count (1433) is extremely high with unknown/missing prevalence — treat as possible over-matching, not proven research intensity
